【导语】“Moonsea”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了9篇考研英语阅读基础训练及答案，以下是小编收集整理后的考研英语阅读基础训练及答案，欢迎阅读与借鉴。
- 目录
篇1：考研英语阅读基础训练及答案
2013考研英语阅读基础训练及答案
Text 1
There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists.” And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people’s work, to begin it and judge it.
The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a “trained” man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist -- and especially the administrator -- deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated” man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.
Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you -- but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.
26. There is an increasing demand for ________.
[A] all round people in their own fields
[B] people whose job is to organize other people’s work
[C] generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional(B)
[D] specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others
27. The specialist is ________.
[A] a man whose job is to train other people
[B] a man who has been trained in more than one fields
[C] a man who can see the forest rather than the trees(D)
[D] a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters
28. The administrator is ________.
[A] a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalist
[B] a man who sees the trees as well as the forest
[C] a man who is very strong in the humanities(C)
[D] a man who is an “educated” specialist
29. During your training period, it is important ________.
[A] to try to be a generalist
[B] to choose a profitable job
[C] to find an organization which fits you(D)
[D] to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist
30. A man’s first job ________.
[A] is never the right job for him
[B] should not be regarded as his final job
[C] should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job(B)
[D] is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job
Test 2
At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, until recent times, unknown to man. It is a great land mass with mountain ranges whose extent and elevation are still uncertain. Much of the continent is a complete blank on our maps. Man has explored, on foot, less than one per cent of its area. Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions. The Arctic is an ocean, covered with drifting packed ice and hemmed in by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined, centered roughly on the South Pole and surrounded by the most unobstructed water areas of the world -- the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.
The continental ice sheet is more than two miles high in its centre, thus, the air over the Antarctic is far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions. This cold air current from the land is so forceful that it makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and renders unlivable those regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of the globe are inhabited. Thus, more than a million persons live within 2,000 miles of the North Pole in an area that includes most of Alaska, Siberia, and Scandinavia -- a region rich in forest and mining industries. Apart from a handful of weather stations, within the same distance of the South Pole there is not a single tree, industry, or settlement.
31. The best title for this selection would be ________.
[A] Iceland
[B] Land of Opportunity
[C] The Unknown Continent(C)
[D] Utopia at Last
32. At the time this article was written, our knowledge of Antarctica was ________.
[A] very limited
[B] vast
[C] fairly rich(A)
[D] nonexistent
33. Antarctica is bordered by the ________.
[A] Pacific Ocean
[B] Indian Ocean
[C] Atlantic Ocean(D)
[D] All three
34. The Antarctic is made uninhabitable primarily by ________.
[A] cold air
[B] calm seas
[C] ice(A)
[D] lack of knowledge about the continent
35. According to this article ________.
[A] 2,000 people live on the Antarctic Continent
[B] a million people live within 2,000 miles of the South Pole
[C] weather conditions within a 2,000 mile radius of the South Pole make settlements impractical(C)
[D] only a handful of natives inhabit Antarctica
26. [B]27. [D]28. [C]29. [D]30. [B]
31. [C]32. [A]33. [D]34. [A]35. [C]
() ■篇2：大学英语四级阅读基础训练题及答案
大学英语四级阅读基础训练题及答案
The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: “Store in the refrigerator.”
In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, 1 was fed well and healthy. The milkman came every day, the grocer, the butcher (肉商), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times each week. The Sunday meatwould last until Wednesday and surplus(剩余的) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. Many well-tried techniques already existed -- natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling...
What refrigeration did promote was marketing --- marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the world in search of a good price.
Consequently, most of the world’s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the rich countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house -- while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been not important. If you don’t believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and mm off your fridge next winter. You may not eat the hamburgers(汉堡包), but at least you’ll get rid of that terrible hum.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The statement “In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.” suggests that______.
A.the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties.
B.the author was not accustomed to fridges even in his fifties.
C.there was no fridge in the author’s home in the 1950s.
D.the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s.
2.Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?
A.People would not buy more food than was necessary.
B.Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.
C.Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.
D.People had effective ways to preserve their food.
3.Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?
A. Inventors.
B. Consumers.
C. Manufacturers.
D. Travelling salesmen.
4.Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge’s negative effect on the environment?
A.“Hum away continuously”.
B.“Climatically almost unnecessary”.
C.“Artificially-cooled space”.
D.“With mild temperatures”.
5.What is the author’s overall attitude toward fridges?
A. Neutral.
B. Critical.
C. Objective.
D. Compromising.
答案解析
1.[C] 句意理解题。由句中的childhood可知，fifties指的应该是50年代，而不可能是50多岁，据此可排除A、B;fridgeless是合成词，由词根fridge“冰箱”和表示否定的后缀-less组成，由可推断其意为“无冰箱的”，故C正确。
2.[D] 事实细节题。在第2段中，说到“不会浪费东西”前，作者指出把吃剩的面包和牛奶做成蛋糕，以防止浪费，故D正确。A、C在文中并未提及，排除;B所述并非不浪费食物的原因，也可排除。
3.[B] 观点态度题。综观全文，作者对认为冰箱不是必备品，最后一段更明确指出，它对人类幸福的贡献微不足道，故可推断，消费者从冰箱中获益最少，故B正确。
4.[A] 词义理解题。A中的hum指“发出嗡嗡声”,表明冰箱产生的嗓音，是对环境的负面作用，故正确。B、D只是指出冰箱在实际上没有必要使用的地区却被广泛使用;C仅说明冰箱是对人工加热房间的`影响，并不能说明其对环境的影响，故排除。
5.[B] 观点态度题。考査作者的观点，可根据文中细节得出答案。第3段首提到，冰箱对保存食物没有多大贡献，最后一段首则指出它对环境的影响已是显而易见的，这些细节都表明作者对冰箱持批评态度。
篇3：下半年英语六级阅读基础训练题及答案
US President Bush will soon give Russia notice that the United States is withdrawing from the 1972 nucleartreaty that bans testing of missile defense systems. US government officials said on Tuesday.
He will announce the decision in the next several days, effectively citing a clause in the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty that requires the United States and Russia to give six months' notice before abandoning thepact.
Wich the decision, Bush takes the first step foward fulfilling a campaign pledge to develop and deploy an anti-missile system that he says will protect the United States and its allies, including Russia, from missiles fired by hostile nations.
Russia and many US allies have warned Bush that withdrawing from the pact might trigger a nuclear arms race. Critics of the plan also question whether an effective system can be developed without enormous expense.
The president defended his push for a missile shield during a national security speech Tuesday at the Citadel in South Carolina.
“Last week we conducted another promising test of our missile defense technology,” Bush said. “For the good of peace, we're moving forward with an active program to determine what works and what does not work. In order to do so, we must move beyond the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, a treaty that was written ina different era, for a different enemy.”
“America and our allies must not be bound to the past. We must be able to build the defenses we need against the enemies of the 2lst century,” he said.
According to Bush administration officials, Russian President Vladimir Putin had assured Bush during theirOctober talks in Washington that US-Russian relations would not suffer even if Bush pulled out of the treaty.
The decision came as Secretary of State Colin Powell, in Moscow, said Russia and the United States are near agreement on drastic cuts in long-range nuclear arsenals, but remain, at odds over a US missile defense.
1.The U.S. decided to withdraw from the nuclear treaty because the treaty required its members not__________________.
2.When will the U.S. withdraw from the nuclear treaty?
3.According to Russia, US' withdrawal from the treaty may bring about__________________.
4.What is Russia's attitude towards U.S. withdrawal from the 1972 ABM Treaty?
5.Russian and the U.S. still couldn't reach agreement on_________________.
答案：
1.[to test missile defense systems]
[定位]首段。
解析：原文该段中修饰nuclear treaty的定语从句表明了美国退出核仿控制条约的原因，且原文中的bans...与题目中的require... not同义。要注意的是，require常用require sb.to do/not to do sth.，因此，回答本题时，要先将原文中的testing改为动词不定式形式to test，故本题答案为to best missile defense systems。
2.[In six months.]
[定位]开关两段。
解析：第2段段末的six months' notice before...表明美国将在6个月后正式退出条约，故答案为“6个月后”，注意在将来时中表达“6个月后”要用介词in而非after。
3.[a nuclear arms race]
[定位]第4段首句。
解析：原文该句中的trigger与题目中的bring about都有“导致”的意思，由此可见，原文中tigger的宾语a nuclear arms为本题答案。
4.[Approving/Supportive.]
[定位]第8段。
解析：原文该段末的...US-Russian relations would not suffer even if Bush pulled out of the treaty表明俄罗斯对美国退出ABM条约的态度是“认可的”，这种态度可以表达为approving或supportive。
5.[a US missile defense]
[定位]末段。
解析：该段段末的but表明at odds与该段前半个分句中的agreement表达的含义相反，可见美俄两国在a US missile defense方面未能达成一致，故可知答案。
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2.20下半年英语六级阅读复习题及答案
3.2016年下半年英语六级阅读测试题及答案
4.2016年下半年大学英语六级阅读题及答案
5.英语六级考试阅读理解基础训练题及答案
6.关于2016年下半年大学英语六级阅读练习题【附答案】
7.2016年12月英语六级阅读题（含答案）
8.2016年下半年英语六级口语技巧
9.下半年英语六级作文常考类型
10.20下半年英语六级听力临考练习
篇4：考研英语阅读材料
Insect Brain System Knows What You Want
昆虫大脑知你所需?
The goal for a lot of tech companies today: figure out what you, their customer, want next, before you even ask. It’s driven by something called similarity search.
今天，有许多科技公司在追求这样的目标：弄清楚你，他们的消费者，接下来想要的，甚至这一切发生在你提出要求之前。这种目标背后的驱动力被称作类似搜索。
“If you go to Y*Tube and you watch a video they’re going to suggest similar videos to the one you’re watching. That’s similarity search. If you go to Amazon and look for similar products to the one you’re going to buy, that’s similarity search.”
“如果你上Y*Tube看一个视频的话，接下来它们会推荐你更多类似视频。这就是类似搜索。如果你上亚马逊找一样你要买的类似产品，那么这种情况就是类似搜索。”
Saket Navlakha, a computer scientist at the Salk Institute. He says we do similarity searches too, for example, when we scan faces in a crowd for the one we know. And even fruit files do a version, related to smell:
萨克生物研究学院电脑科学家，Saket Navlakha说，我们也做类似搜索，例如说，你可以在人群中，扫描这些人的脸面找到你所认识的那个人。甚至是水果也有一个版本，它与气味相关：
“So the fly is having to solve a similar problem, of kind of searching through its database of previous experiences and previous odors it has smelled, to determine what should be the most appropriate behavioral response to that odor.”
“因此，蝇子就面临着解开一个类似的难题，类似这样的搜索，即通过自身先前的经历和已经闻过的气味来决定什么应该是对那种气味的最符合的行为反应。”
But flies tag incoming odors differently from the way modern search algorithms parse similarity. A small group of neurons makes an initial evaluation of the smell. Then a much larger set of neurons is activated to make a final decision about the smell. Rather than the way a computer similarity search does it, taking something with many dimensions, and simplifying it down to a few.
但是，蝇子对闻过的气味做出的标记非同于现代研究算法解析类似的方式。一小组神经造成了这种气味的最初评判。然后，有更多数量的神经被激活，最终对这种气味做出判定。而并非像电脑类似搜索的做法，将一些东西分成诸多维度，再精简到几个。
So Navlakha and his colleagues tweaked computer similarity search functions to do it fly style. And then pitted the fly-inspired algorithms against conventional ones. And the biologically inspired code won out, better at telling ’like’ from ’unlike’ on an image-similarity test.
因此，Navlakha和他的同事们按照蝇子的方式对电脑搜索功能进行了轻微调整。然后针对传统的方式，对受蝇子启发的算法进行标点处理。在一场类似相片的辨别 ‘相似’与‘非相似’的测试中，这种受生物启发的编码方式胜出且表现更好。
“You know evolution figured it out, it figured out a very elegant solution to this very important problem.” The report is in the journal Science.
刊登在《科学杂志》上的文章这样写道：“进化使它把东西分辨清楚，它对这个重要的难题指明了一条优雅的解决途径。”
Navlakha says he and his team are looking to partner with tech companies now, in hopes of endowing machines with the time-tested problem-solving abilities of the brain. Even if it’s a fruit fly brain.
Navlakha称他和他的团队现在正在与多家科技公司寻求合作，希望他们能提供一些具有大脑所具备的测试时间及解决难题能力的仪器。即使是这样一个果蝇的大脑也可以。
篇5：考研英语阅读材料
China’s Singles’ Day tops US$1.5bil in first three minutes
中国“双十一”成交额三分钟破15亿美元
It’s a shopping spree of epic proportions and all it took was three minutes for the numbers on this screen to reach 10 billion yuan.
这是一场史无前例的购物狂欢，只用了三分钟，屏幕上的成交额就达到了100亿元人民币。
That’s the equivalent of more than 1.5 billion dollars and it’s just the beginning forsales and Alibaba’s Singles Day, an annual online discount sales gala that’sbecome the world’s biggest spender-thon.
总计相当于15多亿美元。而这只是消费的开始。天猫“双十一”购物狂欢节是阿里巴巴集团一年一度的线上促销盛典，现已成为全世界最为盛大的买手节。
Once a celebration for China’s Lonely Hearts, Singles day has become a 24-hourextravaganza that outsells Black Friday and Cyber Monday US sales combined.
“双十一”曾被中国单身青年叫做“光棍节”，如今这场历时24小时的火爆网购，其成交记录已经超过美国“黑色星期五”和“网络星期一”两大促销日的销售额总和。
The event has shoppers around China scouting for bargains while delivery men and robots brace foran estimated 1.5 billion parcels expected over the next few days.
活动激动人心，吸引全中国的顾客搜罗特价商品，快递员和快递机器人预期要在未来几天派送 15亿件包裹。
Alibaba says the rise in China’s middle class consumers is driving the sales and theoverall total is likely to top last year’s, something analysts and investors will be watching closely in the coming hours.
阿里巴巴表示，中国逐渐扩大的中产阶级消费群体正在拉动销售，总销售额可能达到历年之最，分析人士和投资者也将会在接下来的时间继续密切关注。
篇6：考研英语阅读
考研英语阅读
期待已久的20考验英语大纲，今天终于公布了。而用一句话来概括，就是今年的英语大纲，几乎没有什么重大的变化，有一些具体的一些微调，而这个微调事实上每一年都会存在。
今年的英语大纲，包括英语一、还有英语二所有的变化，
首先，我们说一下，大纲的一些微调。事实上，所有的同学都应该知道，每一年大概在8月底或者是9月初的时候，考研英语和政治大纲都要重新做一个修订，并且公布。而这个修订和公布，每一年都会有一些细微的变化。
比如说，它会把一些陈旧的词汇，被剔除掉，会把一些根据语言发展的一些变化，根据科技啊、社会的一些变化，有一些新的词汇会补充进来。比如说今年，大纲就增加了将近60个单词，而把一些大纲里面，曾经有，而事实上从来没有考过的，被我们出题人认为不太重要的词被剔除掉了，而这变化，事实上每年都会有。所以，各位同学不用太紧张。
而之前，在各种渠道，包括网上，很多的各种各样的传言，说今年的英语的词汇量会有一个巨大的增加，最后证明这是一个误传。而事实上，就是新东方我们国内部的主任，有一句话，我觉得非常形象，他说，考研这么多年以来，已经形成了一个稳定的命题的模式，和出题的思路。所以，命题越来越趋于科学、合理。更重要的是，稳定。
所以，变化小于稳定的趋势，所以各位考生不用紧张，这是我们对于新大纲的一个概括性的一个判断。
而事实上，增加了很多的新的词汇，相当一部分单词，其实在真题当中，以及我们在各种各样的一些材料当中，都遇到过，比如说，我们都遇到过，比如说，我们都知道，考研阅读，选材经常会选一些经济类的文章、传媒类的文章和教育类的文章，而今年新增的这几十个单词当中，包括了很多的这样的一些类型的词汇。
比如说，有一个名词，今年新增的词汇，叫做recession，而这个单词我们在很多文章当中都遇到过了，表示衰退。而经济复兴还是衰退，事实上，考研英语阅读选材的一个非常重要的选材的方面。
所以，把这个词加进来，显然是一个合理的改动。所以，各位考生，只要按照先期我们制定的复习的计划，全面展开你的复习就可以了。事实上，对于新大纲不用过于关注，关注新大纲的应该是各位老师，然后是各个培训机构，这是我们应该关注新大纲的一个群体。
各位考生事实上，你只要按照老师给你布置的一些复习的方案，全面展开复习，就可以了。所以，对这个变动，不要太过于在意、过于紧张，从而影响复习的心态。
另外，其他的几个项目，比如像新题型，像写作，有一些细微的调整。而这个调整的主要的方向，是把这个题型变得更加的简单，备选的题型的项目有所减少。总而言之，这次的'大纲公布了以后，对整个的题型的改动，是一个朝着更加科学合理，使考生准备的项目回来有所减少这样的一个趋势，发生的这样的变动。
所以，还是那句话，各位考生，不用紧张。
我们应该按部就班，按照以前的方式，加深而且强化你的复习过程就可以了。
我们是几个老师，分开来阐述这次的大纲的变化，我个人主要阐述一下阅读复习的一些基本的方面，以及下一步复习的一些计划，这个我重点来阐述一下。
就考研公布的大纲而言，阅读部分，延续了以往的大致的情况，比如说选材，依然从西方的报刊和杂志，选择一些原版的英美报刊的文章，来作为我们的一个选材的渠道和方向，这个趋势依然保持没有任何的改动和变换。
另外，从近的真题我们来看，选材的范围，依然聚集在，比如说，像经济学、像教育、像传媒，像科普文章，像美国历史文化，等等，这些的一个类型的方向上来选择。
大纲当中，也给出了样题，实质上是从历年所考过的真题里面，所选择出来的。
所以，这个改动，几乎和以往任何一年都一样，没有什么需要我们值得特别注意的一些地方，这是选材。
另外，长度，依然大纲里面和往年一样，保持了1600个字的阅读的总量，换句话说，4篇文章，1600字，每篇文章的长度，还是400个单词左右，长度也没有发生质的一个调整和变化，所以，大家也不用担心。
另外，题型，大纲给出了8个要求，这8个要求是历年的大纲中，都一直存在的8个要求。换句话说，我们在上课的时候，把这8个要求转换成了9种题型。换言之，考研的9个题型的测试方向也没有巨大的改变，总之，这是新大纲的一个基本的情况，就是没有变化。
另外，我们来看一下，各位考生非常关注的是我们已经到了9月份，离今年的考研大概还剩下100天左右的时间。在这几个月当中，我们应该如何全面展开我们的复习呢？关于复习计划和复习方案我们需要说如果的一些方面：
第一，我们要在时间节奏上要做一个准备。因为我们知道9月份考研要进行网上报名，随后10月份开始确认，以及最后的报名。所以，广大考生一定要把你选择的学校和专业的方向，一定要尽快确定下来。另外，就是英语的复习，我们要尽量已经从基础阶段的比如说背单词、学语法，转移到一个强化的阶段，以及最后冲刺和查漏补缺的阶段，这样的一个全面的提升和推进。
从而，让我们的复习在一个正确的方向上，展开全面的一个延伸。
篇7：考研英语一阅读理解答案
21 答案 A Physical beauty would be redefined
解析：这是一道细节题，根据France定位到第一段第一句，主干成分为France has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty。此外第二段第二句They suggest beauty should not be define by looks…故而A physical beauty would be redefined为同义替换，即为正确答案。
22 答案 D doing harm to
解析：此题为词义题。定位到第二段第二句They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. 根据end up 可以看出beauty should not be defined by looks 和that end up impinging on health为顺承关系，所以“改变人们对美不仅仅是外表的定义”可以结束对健康的危害。故而可以推知doing harm to是正确答案。
23 答案 B New Standards are being set in Denmark
解析：此题是正误判断题。根据第五段第二句话 In Denmark,…it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion…可知B选项 New standards are being set in Denmark是其同义替换。
24 答案 C showing little concern for health factors
解析：细节题。一个设计师很可能因为什么原因被CFW拒绝，根据关键词可回到文中定位至倒数第二段，首句说丹麦的时尚界就有关模特的年龄，健康及其他特性的内容达成一致意见，切一项新法案也明确规定，他们已经意识到时尚界对于人们尤其是年轻人的身体健康所带来的影响，并且该对此负责，接着下一句就说，这一法规的执行方式就是拒绝一些设计师，因为可以推断设计师很可能因为不考虑身体健康因素而被CFW拒绝。
25 答案 D A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals
解析：主旨题。本文从首段就开始阐述法国的观点，即时尚界已经失去了定义女性身体之美的权利，且议会也禁止网站通过宣传过度节食来强调过度消瘦。二段继续说明美丽不能只看外表更不能以牺牲健康为代价。三段说女性不该让他人来评判自己的美丽。以及后面的段落中也一直在不断说明一点，即健康很重要，不能只看外表。所以文章最佳标题应该是D，对时尚界完美身材的质疑。
26 答案 D is not well reflected in politics
解析：细节题。精读题干，划出关键词。根据题干回到原文精确定位到首段最后一句，该句中的polls民意调查对应题干中的public sentiment，定位答案处为“this has limited political support”，意思为这在政治支持方面是有限的。与D选项“在政治上没有得到很好的反响”为同义替换。
27 答案 D largely overshadowed
解析：细节题。根据题干，题干中出现大写the National Trust，定位到第二段首句the National Trust该句。二段首句只是对Hill的该项目做介绍，需向后看影响。往下可以读到Hill’s pressure这句，写到“Hill的项目创造出国家公园和绿地。他们不再制造乡村了，而且每年钢筋混凝土消耗的乡村越来越多。乡村需要持久的保护”。对应选项，该项目的成就很大程度上被夺取了光辉。
28 答案 A Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation
解析：推断题。题干问的是从第三段能推出什么，考察的是相应段落的段落中心。观察选项不难发现，选项中都是大写的Ukip，The Conservatives，The Liberal Democrats，Labour。可根据选项中的大写回段落中寻找，发现Ukip所在的定位句为Only的倒装强调句(倒装强调句往往为答案所在处)。该句子意思是：只有Ukip意识到其机会，并支持这些人。和选项A对应一下，Ukipp可能能从其对农村保护的支持中获得好处，是同义替换。
29 答案 B Shows his disregard for the character of rural areas
解析：细节题 问的是作者对于奥斯本的偏好(观点)的具体看法。根据关键词奥斯本定位至第五段，因为问的是作者对于奥斯本观点的看法，所以只需要看在奥斯本的观点之后作者的表达内容，第五段倒数两句话就是作者表达自己观点的地方，即“我们没有破坏城市中受到保护的地方”，“你们为什么要破坏乡村的呢?”这就说明奥斯本一方的观点是要破坏乡村环境。所以可得出答案是奥斯本想法表明了他对于乡村人们的忽视。
30 答案 C the-town-and-country planning in Britain
解析：根据题干定位到最后一段，问的是作者欣赏赞同什么，作者的观点即是文章末段的段落中心，可定位到末段末句。末句指出，避免this会将左右党派联系起来，this代词指代指代上句中所提到的内容。Should即作者赞同的地方，也就是作者赞同的是城乡结合。
31 答案 B Skepticism
解析：作者观点态度题。题干问的是作者对有关CSR方面Milton Friedman的说法是什么态度。根据大写Milton Friedman这个人定位到定位到首段首句。注意题干问的是作者的看法，因此定位到后一句but转折处。转折处的主题句式“things may not absolutely clear-cut”，作者持的是否定态度，选择答案B。C选项是作者态度不明确，不能选择。
篇8：考研英语阅读理解试题及答案
Specialization canbe seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation ofscientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units,one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis forfurther research. But specialization was only one of a series of relateddevelopments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was thegrowing professionalisation of scientific activity。
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals andamateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Neverthelss, the wordamateur does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integratedinto the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share itsvalues. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with itsconsequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greaterproblems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally mostobvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical orlaboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development ofgeology in the United Kingdom。
A comparison of British geological publications over the lastcentury and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy ofresearch, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptableresearch paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studiesrepresented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentiethcentury, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionalsonly if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture.Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the oldway. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geologicaljournals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by thewidespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in thenineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in thetwentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separatejournals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateurreadership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professionalgeologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies,where the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to cometogether nationally in a different way。
Although the process of professionalisation and specialization wasalready well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, itsfull consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In sciencegenerally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucialperiod for this change in the structure of science。
21. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be moreclearly seen in sciences such as _________。
[A]sociology and chemistry
[B]physics and psychology
[C]sociology and psychology
[D]physics and chemistry
22. We can infer from the passage that _________。
[A]there is little distinction between specialization andprofessionalisation
[B]amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
[C]professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientificcommunity
[D]amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate_________。
[A]the process of specialization and professionalisation
[B]the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
[C]the change of policies in scientific publications
[D]the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
24. The direct reason for specialization is _________。
[A]the development in communication
[B]the growth of professionalisation
[C]the expansion of scientific knowledge
[D]the splitting up of academic societies
名师解析
21. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be moreclearly seen in sciences such as_________.
19世纪专业化的发展在_______等科学领域容易看的更加清楚。
[A]sociology and chemistry 社会学和化学
[B]physics and psychology 物理学和心理学
[C]sociology and psychology 社会学和心理学
[D]physics and chemistry 物理学和化学
【答案】 D
【考点】 事实细节题。
【分析】 根据题干定位到第二段第三、四句，文中提到专业化要求更长时间、更复杂的培训，给参与科学活动的业余人士带来了更大的问题。在特别是以数学和实验为基础的那些科学领域里，这一倾向自然表现得最为明显，英国地质学领域的发展充分地说明了这一点。在这四个选择项中，[A]、[B]、[C]都提到了文科学科，只有[D]选项中的物理学和化学均是以数学和实验作为基础的科学，因此可以推断[D]选项符合原文，是正确答案。
22. We can infer from the passage that _____. 从本文可以推断出______。
[A] there is little distinction between specialization andprofessionalization
在专业化和职业化之间几乎没有区别
[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas ofscience
业余人士在某些领域和专业人士可以竞争
[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientificcommunity
专业人士看上去是欢迎业余人士加入科学团体的
[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
业余人士看起来只有全国性的学术协会，但是没有地方性的学术协会
【答案】 B
【考点】 推断题。
【分析】 选项[A]中提到专业化和职业化之间几乎没有区别，而实际上，它们指的是不同的领域和方向，specialization针对研究对象，professionalization针对研究者，因此可以排除。选项[C]说专业人士看上去是欢迎业余人士加入科学团体这种说法也是不对的，因为专业化的发展使得业余人士受到排挤。[D]选项明显错误，因为文中提到既有全国性的学术协会，又有地方性的学术协会。第三段指出局部的研究只有在能被纳入并反映出更广泛研究框架的时候，才为专业人士所接受。这说明，某些方面的研究是为专业研究者所认可的，同时说明了业余研究与职业研究并存的状况。既然是并存的，就说明在某个地方是可以竞争的。因此选择[B]。
23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate______。
作者提到地质学发展是为了说明______。
[A] the process of specialization and professionalization
专业化和职业化的过程
[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
业余人士在科学研究方面的艰辛
[C] the change of policies in scientific publications
科技出版政策的变化
[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
职业人士对业余人士的歧视
【答案】 A
【考点】 作者目的题。
【分析】 根据题干地质学发展定位到第二段末尾和第三段，第三段主要讲的是地质学的发展;以及第四段第一句虽然职业化和专业化过程早在19世纪已在英国的地质学领域展开，但直到20世纪我们才看到其全面影响，因此可以判断这里的正确答案是[A]。[B]选项认为是业余研究者在科学研究方面的艰辛。例子中虽然提到了专业化给业余研究者带来的不利影响. 但是从整体来看，那个不是重点，地质学的例子主要是为了说明专业化和职业化过程的形成及其影响。
24. The direct reason for specialization is _______. 造成专业化的直接原因是_______。
[A] the development in communication 交流的发展
[B] the growth of professionalization 职业化的发展
[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge 科学知识的扩展
[D] the splitting up of academic societies 学术团体的分化
【答案】 C
【考点】 事实细节题。
【分析】 本题要求考生找出现象间的因果关系。全文开篇就指出，专业化过程可以被看做是对日益积累的科学知识的反应。这句话的含义实际上就是科学知识的积累促进了专业化。因此可以判定[C]是正确选项。[A]选项是不对的，因为根据其中的交流一词可以定位到第一段，文中提到专业化影响了交流过程，而不是反之。[B]不对，专业化是随着知识的进一步分类而产生的，是和职业化同时产生的，不是其成因。[D]为专业化的结果。
难句解析：
1. Nevertheless, the wordamateurdoes carry aconnotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into thescientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values。
【结构分析】本句的主句是the wordamateurdoes carry a connotation，后面有一个that引导的同位语从句，解释connotation，而这个同位语从句中有两个并列谓语。
2. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of sciencebased especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can beillustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom。
【结构分析】本句的主干是The trend was naturally most obvious and can beillustrated。主语是the trend，两个谓语部分为was obvious和can be illustrated。前一个部分中based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training是过去分词做后置定语修饰areas of science。
3. The overall result has been to make entrance to professionalgeological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced bythe widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in thenineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentiethcentury。
【结构分析】本句的主干结构是The overall result has been to do sth。。逗号后面只是一个名词性的短语，其关键词是a result，是前面句子主语的同位语，在其内部主要是一个that引导的定语从句，而定语从句中又有两个并列的状语first by..., and then by.。.。
4. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professionalgeologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies,whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to cometogether nationally in a different way。
【结构分析】这是一个并列句，由whereas连接两个分句，说明了两种情况，前一个分句的主干是A process of differentiation has led to professional geologists，而后面说theamateurs have tended either to remainor to come。
全文翻译：
专业化可被看作针对科学知识不断膨胀这个问题所做出的反应。通过将学科细分为各个小的单元，个人能够继续处理这些信息并将它们作为进一步研究的基础。但是专业化仅仅是一系列相关科学进步中影响交流过程的的一个。另一现象是科学活动的日益职业化。
在科学领域内，职业人士与业余人士之间没有明确的区分：任何规律都有其例外。但是业余这个词的确具有一种含义，即相关的那个人没有完全融入某个科学家群体，尤其是他可能并不完全认同他们的价值观。19世纪的专业化的发展，导致了对更长更复杂的训练的要求，意味着业余人员进入科学界会遇到更大的困难。特别是在以数学和实验室训练为基础的科学领域，这种倾向自然尤为明显，这可以通过英国的地质学发展过程得到证实。
对过去一个半世纪的英国地质出版物所进行的比较表明不但人们对研究首要性的重视程度在不断增加，而且对什么是可以接受的论文的定义也在不断变化。因此，在19世纪，局部的地质研究本身就代表了一种有价值的研究;而到了20世纪，如果局部的研究能够被职业人员接受，那么它就必须结合和思考一个更加广阔的地质面貌。另一方面，业余人员继续以传统方式从事局部的研究。结果，业余人员在职业化地质学杂志发表文章更加困难。审稿制度首先在19世纪的全国性杂志中实行，后来在20世纪一些地方性地质杂志中也开始实行，这使这个结果得到进一步加强。这样发展的必然结果是出现了针对专业读者和业余读者的不同杂志。类似的分化过程也导致职业地质学家聚集起来，形成一两个全国性的团体，而业余地质学家则要么留在地方性团体中，要么以不同方式组成全国性的团体。
虽然职业化和专业化过程在19世纪的英国地质学界中已经得到迅速发展，但是它的效果一直拖到20世纪才充分显示出来。然而，从整个科学来看，19世纪必须被视为科学结构发生该变化的关键阶段。
1.考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案
2.考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析
3.考研英语阅读理解B型试题及答案
4.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题附答案
5.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题及答案
6.考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案解析
7.考研英语阅读理解B型题测试题及答案
8.考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析
9.20考研英语阅读理解试题【附答案】
10.2013考研英语一试题及答案
篇9：考研英语一阅读题及答案
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.
In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .
“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”
Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.
1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout
【答案】[B] Besides
2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior
【答案】[A] connected
3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host
【答案】[D] host
4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep
【答案】[C] avoid
5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting
【答案】[B] involving
6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on
【答案】[D] on
7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted
【答案】[B] exposed
8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out
【答案】[C] down
9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined
【答案】[A] calculated
10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained
【答案】[D] explained
11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus
【答案】[A] Even
12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors
【答案】[B] symptoms
13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased
【答案】[D] increased
14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared
【答案】[B] associated
15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record
【答案】[C] generate
16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of
【答案】[A] in the face of
17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return
【答案】[C] attribute
18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until
【答案】[A] because
19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases
【答案】[C] remains
20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences
【答案】[D]influences
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