【导语】“duoduosh”通过精心收集,向本站投稿了14篇初中英语动词时态总结,下面是小编收集整理后的初中英语动词时态总结,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。
- 目录
篇1:初中英语动词时态总结
一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。
第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth “到……时间了” “该……了”。
例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. “时间已迟了” “早该……了” ,
例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。
例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2)情态动词 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?
篇2:初中英语动词时态总结
1. …as soon as… 一… 就…
Mary一见到她弟弟就会告诉他这个消息。
Mary will tell her brother this message as soon as he sees him.
我们一到那儿就去爬山了。
We went climbing as soon as we arrived / got / reached there.
2. as + adj./adv.+ as… …和…一样(的 / 地)…
not as(so)…as… …不如 / 不比 … ….
李雷和吉母跑得一样快。
Li Lei runs as fast as Jim.
约翰和你的年龄不一样大。
John is not as (so) old as you.
这部电视剧不如那部有趣。(TV series)
This TV series is not as (so) interesting as that one.
3. as +adj./adv.+ as possible 尽可能 … 的 / 地 …
我们在英语课上应该尽可能地多讲英语。
We should speak English as much as possible in English class.
你能不能尽可能慢一些读这个句子?
Can you read the sentence as slowly as possible?
4. ask sb for sth 向某人要求某物
当你迷路时,你可以向警察需求帮助。
When you get lost, you can ask the police for help.
一些学生经常向父母要钱去玩电子游戏。(video games)
Some students often ask their parents for money to play video games.
他向父母要一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
He asked his parents for a bicycle as his birthday present.
5. ask/ tell sb. (how) to do sth 询问 / 告诉 某人如何做某事
许多学生经常问老师如何才能学好英语。
Many students often ask their teachers how to learn English well.
让我来告诉你如何发邮件。
Let me tell you how to send an e-mail.
6. ask / tell /want sb (not) to do sth. 要求(让)/ 告诉 / 想要 某人 做(不做)某事
护士告诉我服用此药需一日三次,饭后服用。
The nurse told me to take this medicine three times a day after meals.
老师经常告诉我要更加努力地学习。
The teacher often tells me to study harder.
他让我不要再犯同样的错误。
He asked me not to make the same mistake again.
7. make/ let /have sb. (not) do sth 使 / 让 某人做(不做)某事
他使得孩子哭得很厉害。
He made the child cry loudly.
昨天他使我在影院门口等了很长时间。
He made me wait for long (for a long time) at the gate of the cinema yesterday.
直到我们做完了作业,妈妈才让我们去玩球。
Mother didn’t let us play football until we finished our homework.
那个老板迫使工人们每天工作10小时。
That boss made the workers work (for) ten hours a day.
8. be afraid of doing / to do/that 害怕 / 不敢 做某事
这个小女孩不敢晚上出去。
The little girl is afraid to go out in the evening / at night.
他害怕独自呆在家里。
He is afraid of staying at home alone.
许多人担心他们会失去工作。(be afraid that)
Many people are afraid that they will lose their jobs.
9. be busy with sth. / doing sth. 忙于某事 / 做某事
现在学生们忙于准备考试。
Now students are busy preparing for the exams.
昨天下午妈妈都在忙着做家务。(两种)
Mother was busy with housework yesterday afternoon.
Mother was busy doing housework yesterday afternoon.
10. be famous / late /ready / sorry for sth.
因…而著名 / (做)…迟到了 / 晚了 / 为…准备 / 为… 而抱歉
如果你不快点,你就会上班迟到。
If you don’t hurry, you will be late for work.
杭州以丝绸而出名。
Hangzhou is famous for silk.
我们已经准备好迎接奥运会了。
We have been ready for the Olympic Games.
我为我的错误而抱歉。
I am sorry for my mistake.
11. be glad that 很高兴…
我很高兴你能来参加晚会。
I am very glad that you can come to the evening party.
老师很高兴我们班得了第一名。
The teacher was very glad that our class was the first / won the first prize.
12. give/ show/ bring/ lend/ send/ pass/ tell / offer sth to sb
buy/give/ show/ send/ pass/ bring/ lend/ tell sb. sth
给某人某物;给某人看某物;给某人带来某物;借给某人某物;送给某人某物;递给某人某物;把某事告诉给某人;主动给某人某物
请递给我一张纸。
Please pass me a piece of paper.
=Please pass a piece of paper to me.
请把你的画给我看看。
Please show me your picture.
=Please show your picture to me
他借给我一辆自行车。
He lent me a bike.
=He lent a bike to me.
别忘了下次来给我带点儿钱。
Don’t forget to bring me some money when you come here next time.
= Don’t forget to bring some money to me when you come here next time.
13. either…or… 或… 或…, 不是… 就是…, 要么…要么…
不是你,就是他是对的。
Either you or he is right. V. 就近原则
每个周末,我们要么去公园,要么呆在家里。
We either go to a park or stay at home every weekend. (at/on weekends.)
要了解世界,人们既可以读报纸,也可以看电视。
People can either read newspapers or watch TV to get to know the world.
14. neither…nor… 既不… 也不…, 两者都不…
我和他都没有读过这本书。
Neither he nor I have ever read this book. V. 就近原则
这个女孩已经十岁了,但她既不会读书,也不会写字。
The girl is already ten, but she can neither read nor write.
15. enjoy/ finish/mind/ keep/ practise/go on doing sth.
享受做…之乐;做完某事;介意做某事;一直做某事;练习做某事;继续做…
我们应该经常练习讲英语。
We should often practice speaking English.
我奶奶一直坚持早晨锻炼身体已经有十年了。
My grandma has kept doing exercise in the morning for ten years.
16. find /think / feel + it + adj. (for sb.)to do sth. 发现/ 认为/觉得 做某事 如何
越来越多的人发现吃太多汉堡包不利于健康。
More and more people have found it unhealthy to eat too many hamburgers.
很多大学生发现在大学中交友很难。
A lot of students have found it very hard to make friends at college.
17. get + adj. 的比较级 + and + adj. 的比较级 变得越来越…
地球变得越来越暖和了。
It gets warmer and warmer on the earth.
春天到了,天气变得越来越热了。
Spring is coming and it’s getting warmer and warmer.
北京变得越来越美丽了。
Beijing is becoming more and more beautiful.
18. The + adj./adv.的比较级, the + adj./adv.的比较级。 越..., 就越…。
天气越冷,人们穿得就越多。
The colder it is, the more people wear.
我们种的树越多,空气就会越干净。
The more trees we plant, the cleaner the air will be.
英语,我们练习得越多,说得就越好。
The more we practice speaking English, the better we can speak.
你越强健,患感冒的机会就越少。
The stronger you are, the less chance you will catch a cold.
19. It is + 序数词+ adj./adv.的最高级 + n.
黄河是中国第二长的河流。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
他是我们班跑得第二快的。
He runs the second fastest in our class.
20. one of the + 最高级 + n. (pl.) 是最…之一者
姚明是世界上最好的篮球运动员之一。
Yao Ming is one of the best basketball players in the world.
三亚是中国最美丽的城市之一。
Sanya is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
篇3:初中英语动词时态专项练习
初中英语动词时态专项练习
满分:100分 你的得分_________________
一.用所给词的适当形式填空:(30分)
1. Listen to the little girl. She ___________________(recite) a poem.
2. ________ your sister ___________(study) in this school two years ago?
3. I ________________(not go ) to the city next week.
4. They eat grapes _________________(bring) good luck.
5. You needn’t _______________(come) here so early.
6. Do often go _______________ (climb) mountains?
7. They _______________________ (leave) here tomorrow.
8. I spend two hours _______________(do) my homework every day.
9. While we ________________ (wait) for the bus, a girl ___________ (run) up to us.
10. If it _____________(not rain) tomorrow, we will go to the zoo.
11. I__________ already___________ (see) the film. I __________ (see) it last week.
12. They________________(not make) a model ship when I saw him.
13. I believe that those mountains _______________ (cover ) with trees in a few years’ time.
14. There ________________ (be) a talk on science in our school next Monday.
15. My mother told us that Taiwan _________________ (be) part of China.
16. After he comes back, I ________________(tell) you to know.
17. He needs ________________(go) to see a doctor.
18. ---What are you doing? ---I ___________(write) and he _____________(watch) TV.
19. He turned off the light and then ________________(leave).
20. The boy was made ________________ (stand) there for an hour by his father.
21. The teacher ________________(come) right away.
22. As I ______________ (walk) in the park, it ________________ (begin) to rain.
23. While mother _____________ (put) Cathy to bed, the door bell ____________ (ring).
24. He ___________________(borrow) this story book for two weeks.
25. ____________ you _____________ (find) your science book yet?
26. --- What ________ you _______ (do) at that time? ---We _________________ (watch) TV.
27. The best time _______________(go) to Yunnan is in spring.
28. Can you tell me if it _________(snow) tomorrow?
29. ---Where’s Li Ming ? ---He ______________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
30. You ‘d better ____________________(not watch) too much TV.
二.单项选择:(50分)
1. The mother asked the boy ___________ down the ladder, but he went on ___________ instead.
A. come; climbing B. to come; to climb C. to come; climbing D. coming; climbing
2. Look! The boy ________________ with his mother in the pool.
A. is swiming B. is swimming C. are swimming D. are swiming
3. --- Don’t forget to ask him to write to me.
--- I won’t. As soon as he _____________, I’ll ask him to write to you.
A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming
4. The police found that the house ______________and a lot of things______________.
A. has broken into, has been stolen B. had broken into, had been stolen
C. has been broken into, stolen D. had been broken into, stolen
5. I wish I ___________________you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
6. The Greens ________________ China for five years.
A. has been in B. have been in C. went to D. has gone to
7. I saw him __________________ into the small store.
A. went B. going C. to go D. has gone
8. He turned off the light and then _______________.
A. leaves B. has left C. will leave D. left
9. We ____________the work by six yesterday evening.
A. finished B. would finish C. had finished D. had been finished
10. --- How was your weekend on the farm? --- Great! We ___________ with the farmers.
A. enjoy ourselves B. went fishing C. will work D. make friends
11. By the end of next July this building __________________.
A. will be finished B. will have finished
C. will have been finished D. had been finished
12. The teacher asked the students to close the windows __________ the wind from _______ the
papers away.
A. to stop; blowing B. stopping; blowing C. to stop; blow D. stopped; blow
13. ---_________ you ever __________ to the US? --- Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going
14. --- What is Tom doing in the classroom? --- He __________ something on the blackboard.
A. draws B. draw C. is drawing D. are drawing.
15. Does Mr. Know-all know ________________ keys?
A. to make B. how to make C. how make D. making
16. She ___________________ you to come to my birthday party.
A. hopes B. wishes C. want D. lets
17. --- Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. --- Really? Where _________ he __________?
A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. would; go
18. While a young man ____________ her ,she ______________ her work .
A. watched… was doing B. was watching… did
C. watched… did D. was watching… was doing
19. If it ________________ tomorrow, I will go by car.
A. rain B. will rain C. rains D. would rain
20. We are always ready _________________ others.
A. to helping B. to help C. help D. helping
21. --- Liu Mei can’t come tonight. --- Why? But she ____________ me she would come.
A. tells B. told C. is told D. had told
22. ----Do you know Lydia very well?
---Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned
23. The teacher told us that light ______________ much faster than sound.
A. travels B. traveled C. was D. will be
24. Don’t make so much noise. We ________________ to the music.
A. are listening B. listen C. listened D. have listened
25. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?
-- Sorry. He ________________ the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to
26. The clothes _______________very soft.
A. are felt B. are feeling C. feel D. feels
27. When Jack arrived he learned Mary ________________for almost an hour.
A. had gone B. had set of C. had leftD. had been away
28. There ______________ a talk on science in our school next Monday.
A. will give B. will be C. is going to give D. is
29. Her hope __________________ the 2008 Olympic Games.
A. to take part in B. is to take part in C. taking part in D. will take part in
30. --- Are you free this afternoon?
--- No. I’ll have an English composition _______ this afternoon.
A. to write B. wrote C. to be writing D. to be written
31. My grandpa died ____________________.
A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.
32. The boy was made ________________ there for an hour by his father.
A. standing B. stand C. to stand D. stands
33. Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth ______________ around the sun.
A. was moving B. moved C. has moved D. moves
34. Nobody __________________ how to run this machines.
A . know B. have known C. knows D. is knowing
35. --- What did Mr. Jones do before he moved here?
--- He ____________________ a city bus for over twenty-five years.
A. is driving B. drove C. has driven D. drives
36. I _____________that the boy ______________ with no tears in his eyes.
A. noticed… cryed B. noticed… cried C. noticed…crying D. noticed… cryed
37. _____________ your brother _____________ a letter to ? ---My father.
A. Who… wrote B. What…wrote C. Who did…write D. What did… write
38. He _______________ some cooking at that time, so ____________ me.
A. did… heard B. did… didn't hear C. was doing… heard D. was doing… didn't hear
39. ---“ ________ you angry then?” ---“They____________ too much noise.”
A. Are…were making B. Were…were making C. Are…made D. Were… made
40. We _______________ for Tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us _____________.
A. were waiting… waiting B. were waiting… wait C. waited… waiting D. waited… wait
41. Mother ________ me a new coat yesterday, I __________ it on. It fits me well.
A. has made…have tried B. made…have tried C. has made…tried D. made…tried
42. She __________that she ___________ her best to help them the next term.
A. says…will do B. said…will do C. said… would do D. says…would do
43. I often hear her ____________________ about the boy.
A. talking B. talk C. to talk D. talked
44. I ______________ the way. I _________________ here for quite many years.
A. knew… have lived B. knew… live C. know… have lived D. know… live
45. -C Oh, Mrs. King, your sweater looks nice. Is it _________________ wool ?
--- Yes, and it’s _____________________ Inner Mongolia.
A. made of, made by B. made of, made in
C. made by, made for D. made by, made from
46. ________ you _________ the film before ? Where ________ you ________ it ?
A. Have… seen… did… see B. Did…see…die…watch
C. Have…seen… have… seen D. Did…see…have…seen
47. You ____________ about the future now, ___________ you ?
A. don't think…don't B. aren't thinking… aren't
C. don't think… do D. aren't thinking… are
48. Mr. Smith ____________ short stories, but he _____________ a TV play these days.
A. is writing…is writing B. is writing… writes
C. writes… is writing D. writes… writes
49. He raised his voice to make everybody in the room _____________ him clearly.
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
50. Mr. LuXun died in 1936. He _______ a lot of famous novels.
A. wrote B. was writing C. has written D. would write
三.句型变换,对划线部分提问:(20分)
1. The big tree blew down in the storm last night.
2. They are planting trees on the hill.
3. We have been to the Great Wall several times.
4. Athena brushes her teeth twice a day.
5. Tom’s father is a businessman.
6. The strawberries in the basket are mine.
7. I was late because I met the accident.
8. It will be sunny tomorrow.
9. Helen’s father works in a big factory.
10. There are a lot of chairs in the classroom.
11. The skirt on the chair is purple.
12. There is much mutton in the fridge.
13. It’s ten kilometers away from my home to school.
14. Helen will finish the task in ten days.
15. The river is about 120 kilometers long.
16. It took him an hour to clean his bedroom.
17. There are five kites in the sky.
18. My father is fine.
19. His mother takes him to the zoo on weekends.
20. My mother usually gets to England by plane.
21. I’m looking for my notebook.
22. You can ask him questions.
23. My grandfather is ninety-one years old.
24. It was September the ninth yesterday.
25. It’s Saturday today.
26. They are going to have supper at half past six.
篇4:初中英语时态知识点总结
01、一般现在时
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
02、一般过去时
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
03、现在进行时
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本结构:am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
04、过去进行时
概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构:was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
05、现在完成时
概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本结构:have/has + done
否定形式:have/has + not +d one.
一般疑问句:have或has。
06、过去完成时
概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本结构:had + done.
否定形式:had + not + done.
一般疑问句:had放于句首。
07、一般将来时
概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
08、过去将来时
概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语:
the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本结构:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should 提到句首。
篇5:初中英语时态知识点总结
一.动词be(is,am,are)的用法
我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。
二.this,that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。
(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如:
This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处)
That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)
(3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this, 后说that。如:
This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。
(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is…。如:
This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。
(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如:
This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。
(6)打电话时,介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如:
—Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐吗?
—Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的,我是,你是谁?
注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?
(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如:
①—Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗?
—Yes, it is. 是的,它是。
②—What’s that? 那是什么?
—It’s a kite. 是只风筝。
三.these和those用法
this, that, these和those是指示代词,these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。
①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。
②These pictures are good. 那些画很好。
③ Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗?
在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如:
④Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?
Yes, they are. 是的,他们是。
四.不定冠词a和an
a和an都是不定冠词,表示一(个,支,本,块……)的意思,但不强调数量概念,而是强调类别,用来限定名词。a用在辅音素开头的单数名词前,如:a pencil(一支铅笔),a book(一本书);an用在元音音素开头的名词前,如an eraser(一块橡皮)。如果名词前有修饰语,用a还是用an,则以该修饰语的第一音素决定用a还是用an。如:
a clock 一座钟 an old clock 一座旧钟 a book 一本书 an English book 一本英语书
a nice apple 一个可爱的苹果 an apple 一个苹果
五.名词+’s所有格
名词+’s所有格
单数名词后直接加 “ ’s ”
Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的妈妈
以s结尾的复数名词,只加“’”
Teachers’ Day教师节 the twins’ books双胞胎的书
不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数,加“ ’s ”
Children’s Day 儿童节 men’s shoes男式鞋
表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加’s
表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加’s
Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈)
Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子)
六.There be句型
(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词,没有词义;主语是be后面的名词, be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构:
There be放句首,主语跟在后。地、时放句末,强调置前头。如:
There is a book on the desk.
有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如:
On the desk there is a book.
(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀:
Be动词,有三个,am,is还有are。“There be”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are。如:
①There is a tree behind the house.
②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).
③There are some pears in the box.
(3)注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are。如:
①There is a book and some pens on the floor.
②There are some pens and a book on the floor.
七.like一词的用法
like用作及物动词,译为“喜欢”。
(1)后接名词或代词,表示喜欢某人或某物。如:
I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。
(2)后接动名词(v. -ing),表示“喜欢做某事”,着重于习惯、爱好。如:
Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球。
(3)后接动词不定式(to do ),表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”,着重于某次具体的行为。如:
I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书,但我今晚想看电视。
八.一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作,或表示现在的特征、状态。当主语是非第三人称单数时,行为动词的一般现在时变化形式(见下表)。如:
肯定句
主语+行为动词原形+其他
We speak Chinese.
否定句
主语+don’t+行为动词原形+其他
We don’t speak Chinese.
一般疑问句
Do+主语+行为动词原形+其他?
Do you speak Chinese?
肯定回答
Yes,主语+do
否定回答
No,主语+don’t
当主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词一般现在时的句型变化如下:
(1)肯定句在行为动词原形后+s/es(其构成方法与名词单数变复数相同)。
(2)否定句用助动词doesn’t+动词原形。
(3)一般疑问句则是把助动词does放在句首,后面动词用原形,回答时,肯定用“Yes,主语+does.”;否定用“No,主语+doesn’t.”。
肯定句
主语+行为动词s/es+其他
She speaks Chinese.
否定句
主语+doesn’t+行为动词原形+其他
She doesn’t speak Chinese.
一般疑问句
Does+主语+行为动词原形+其他?
Does she speak Chinese?
肯定回答
Yes,主语+does
否定回答
No,主语+doesn’t
九.句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素
(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we, you→you,she,he,it→ they。如:
She is a girl. →They are girls.
(2)am,is要变为are。如:
I’m a student. →We are students.
(3)不定冠词a,an要去掉。如:
He is a boy. →They are boys.
(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如:
It is an apple. →They are apples.
(5)指示代词this,that要变为these,those。如:
This is a box. →These are boxes.
十.英语日期的表示法
英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并且前面无需用冠词。
用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+日+年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如:August 2nd,2003(8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如:10th May,2003(205月10日)英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词in,若具体到某一天,则需用介词on。
①She was born in 1989
②She was born in August.
③She was born in August 1989.
篇6:初中英语8大时态总结
初中英语8大时态总结
一般现在时
1. 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2. 基本结构:①is/am/are;②do/does
否定形式:①am/is/are + not;
②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don‘t,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn’t,同时还原行为动词。
3. 一般疑问句:①把is/am/are动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
4. 用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning。 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
例如:The earth moves around the sun。 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China。 上海位于中国东部。
3) 表示格言或警句。
例如:Pride goes before a fall。 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例如:Columbus proved that the earth is round。 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
例如:I don‘t want so much。 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well。安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
5) 一般现在时表示将来含义
a.下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning。 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes。 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。
b.在时间或条件句中。
例如:When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me。 比尔来后,让他等我。
I‘ll write to you as soon as I arrive there。 我到了那里,就写信给你。
一般过去时
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.基本结构:
①was/were;②行为动词过去式
否定形式:①was/were + not;②在行为动词前加didn‘t,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
3.用法
1) 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
例如:Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
2) 表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
例如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street。
我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome。
那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。
注意:used to + do:“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。
例如:Mother used not to be so forgetful。 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk。 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
现在进行时
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc。
3.基本结构:
am/is/are + doing
否定形式:am/is/are + not + doing。
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
4.用法:
1) 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
例如: We are waiting for you。 我们正在等你。
2)习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。
例如:Mr。 Green is writing another novel。 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
3) 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
例如:The leaves are turning red。 叶子在变红。
It‘s getting warmer and warmer。 天越来越热了。
4) 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind。 你老是改变主意。
5) 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等瞬时动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。
例如:I‘m leaving tomorrow。 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
过去进行时
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself。
我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining。
我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构:
was/were + doing
否定形式:was/were + not + doing。
一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
4.用法
1) 过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night。
昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
2) 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。
时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。
What was she doing at nine o‘clock yesterday?
昨天晚上九点她在做什么? (介词短语表示时间点)
She was doing her homework then。
那个时候她正在写作业。(副词表示时间点)
When I saw him he was decorating his room。
当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when从句表示时间点)
3) 在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。
When he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper。
他边等车边看报。 (两个动作都是延续的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking。
他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)
一般将来时
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2. 时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by the day after tomorrow, etc。
3.基本结构:
①am/is/are/going to + do;
②will + do。
否定形式:①am/is/are + not + going to + do
②will not(won‘t)+ do。
一般疑问句:①am/is/are放于句首;
②will提到句首。
4. will主要用于在以下三个方面:
1) 表示主观意愿的将来。
They will go to visit the factory tomorrow。
明天他们将去厂参观工厂。
I‘ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling。
我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。
2) 表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。
Today is Saturday。 Tomorrow will be Sunday。
今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。
He will be thirty years old this time next year。
明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。
3) 表示临时决定,通常用于对话中。
—Mary has been ill for a week。
玛丽病了一周了。
—Oh, I didn‘t know。 I will go and see her。
噢,我不知道。我去看看她。
5. be going to主要用于一下两个方面:
1) 表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。
Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon。
今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。
2) 表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生,表示推测。
Look! There come the dark clouds。 It is going to rain。
瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。
过去将来时
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc。
3.基本结构:
①was/were/going to + do;
②would + do。
否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would + not + do。
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would 提到句首。
4.用法
1) “would+动词原形”常表示主观意愿的将来。例如:
He said he would come to see me。
他说他要来看我。
He told me he would go to Beijing。
他告诉我他将去北京。
2) “was/ were + going to + 动词原形”常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如:
She said she was going to start off at once。
她说她将立即出发。
I was told that he was going to return home。
有人告诉我他准备回家。
此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看,很可能或即将发生的事情。例如:
It seemed as if it was going to rain。
看来好像要下雨。
3) come, go, leave, arrive, start等瞬时动词动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。例如:
He said the train was leaving at six the next morning。
他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。
She told me she was coming to see me。
她告诉我她要来看我。
现在完成时
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在并且有可能继续下去的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:recently, lately, since, for, in the past few years, etc。
3. 基本结构:have/has + done
否定形式:have/has + not +done。
一般疑问句:have或has。
4. since的三种用法
1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
例如:I have been here since 1989。 1989起,我一直在这儿。
2) since +一段时间+ ago。
例如:I have been here since five months ago。 我在这儿,已经有五个月了。
3) since +从句(一般过去时)。
例如:Great changes have taken place since you left。 你走后,变化可大了。
比较since和for
since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
例如:I have lived here for more than twenty years。我住在这儿二十多年了。
注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years。 (我现在已不在这里工作。)
过去完成时
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2. 时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc。
3.基本结构:had + done。
否定形式:had + not + done。
一般疑问句:had放于句首。
4.用法
1) 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句种。
例如:She said (that)she had never been to Paris。 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
2) 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
例如:When the police arrived, the thieves had run away。 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。
3) 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,
suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本…,未能…”。
例如:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn‘t。 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。
注意: had hardly… when。。。 刚。。。。。。就。。。。。。。
例如:I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me。 我刚打开门,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。
例如:He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it。 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。
篇7:初中英语时态知识点总结
④She was born on 2nd August, 1989.
学好初中英语语法的注意事项
2.句子结构分析是学习英语语法的一个极其重要环节,通过句子结构分析不仅能加深对语法知识的理解、运用,而且能有效提高阅读理解能力和写作能力。学生的考试成绩是好是坏归根到底取决于学生“能力”的高低。这里所谓的“能力”,表面上体现为“听、说、读、写、译”的能力,而这些能力,尤其是“读、写、译”的能力,与句子结构分析能力有着密切关系。
3.对基本语法即简单句的五种基本类型必须烂熟于心,熟练运用,因为所有的长、难句都是基于这五个类型展开的。
4.对复合句的三大基本类型之定语从句和名词性从句要做形式多样的造句练习,填关系词及连接词练习,单句改错练习,同异句比较练习及长难句分析练习,一定要在高一把基础打扎实。
5.线话英语的王老师说:“学习语法一定要认真听取老师在课堂上的分析与讲解,归纳与总结,切忌把学习英语的大部分时间耗在啃语法书,做单选题上,这样做对提高英语收效甚微。”
6.建立一个错题库,从高一起就把自己在练习、考试中做错的,或是蒙对的题进行整理,分析在错题集上,并经常温故而知新。这样三年下来就是一本不可或缺的,为自己量身定做的宝典,并为自己的后续学习打下基础。
7.把学习语法与单词记忆相结合。只是死记硬背许多单词,既感觉学习英语枯燥,又无多大实际意义,同样如果只是多学习语法,遇到许多单词不知其意,也不会理解语法,而且英语语法中许多特殊用法必须结合单词去运用和练习,才能真正掌握语法。故应把二者结合起来一起学习,在学习语法中练习记单词,背单词时学习语法。另外还可多读些英语文章,同时学习单词和语法。
8.此外,英语学习离不开大量的记忆。每日背3--5句课文中的美文佳句;每个单元后的Learning Tip或 Reading for fun都是很好的记诵材料。
9.及时复习,巩固知识。学了的东西随着时间的流逝会逐渐遗忘,学习语言也不例外。因此不必因为有遗忘现象而影响自己学好英语的信心与决心,即使今天记住的单词明天遗忘也属正常现象。问题在于如何减少遗忘的程度?善于类比,总结知识,把所学的知识与过去学的有关知识进行横向和纵向的比较和联系。
学习英语语法的目的
要回答这个问题,先简要讨论一下要不要学习英语语法的问题。这个问题,答案也许是很清楚的。主张英语语法可以不学的人往往这样说:我们中国人,如果智力正常,从小就会说汉语,能遣词造句,没见过哪个小孩先学语法再学话的。再说,英语讲得多了,有了语感,语法还不是水到渠成的事。
这种实践出真知的说法,绝对是正确的。但我仍主张学一点英语语法。本人没受过很好的教育,更不懂高深的语言学习理论,但一直有这样的看法:在我们中国,百年都没有营造出正常情况下用正式英语交际的大氛围和小氛围,所以难以在投入产出比符合经济效益的前提下培养出一定的英语语感。语法,实际上就是给你语言整体上的语感(规则),既给你能解释语言现象的鱼,又教你如何用语感去钓语言深层的鱼。何乐而不为呢?说到这,学习英语语法的目的也就清清楚楚了:弥补氛围难以在短期内培养一定语感的缺憾,比较经济地获得英语整体的语感。当然,也为通过我们这个考试大国的众多英语测试提供初级“抱佛脚”的方法。
学习英语语法的范围
学习英语语法的范围,指的是学习英语语法需掌握的内容程度。既然我们学习英语语法的目的那么简单实际,到啥山唱啥歌吧。范围不必很大,也就是说面不宜太宽,点也不宜研究太深,毕竟需要用英语说之乎者也的人不多。另外,我认为通过学习英语语法,求得对英语的整体感觉非常重要。有了整体感,可以揭开英语的神秘面纱,知道了对手的模样,就知己知彼了;有了整体感,对语言就有了“君临天下”之气,加之不懈的积累,从掌握语法的必然王国,进而出入语言的自由王国。出于这种考虑,这个讲义编得非常简单,有些方面甚至还不如高中所学的内容,但实用语法的基本脉络比较清晰。
学好初中英语语法的方法
一、练好基本句型
我国近年来的英语教学实践证明:在初学阶段,采用听说领先、学习基本句型的方法去学习英语语法,是行之有效的。
句型学习是通过听说领先的方法去学习传统语法里最常用的语法项目(把它们变为句型去操练)。句型训练实际上吸取了传统语法与结构语法两派的长处。所学的句型应该是由浅入深,由简到繁;讲求熟练掌握,不要贪多冒进。每学一个项目,首先要把单项练习练熟,然后过渡到综合练习,最后则应做到扩大运用。
以定语从句这一项为例。把”I read a novel yesterday.和“It was extremely Interesting.”这两个单句改为“The novel I read yesterday was extremely interesting.”这就是定语从句的单项练习。首先要反复进行替换练习。如把“I saw a man this morning.”和“The man is my teacher.”改为“The man I saw this morning is my teacher.”把“I saw a film last night.”和“The film was very amusing.”改为“The film I saw last night was very amusing.”这种练习虽然是枯燥的,却是重要的基本功,务求把定语从句练到脱口而出的地步。这是第一步。
第二步是把定语从句放在一定的语言情景中去综合运用,进行一问一答。如:
A:Did you enjoy the opera?
B:Which opera?
A:The one we saw last night,of course.
B:Yes,very much.
第三步是扩大运用,也就是把定语从句和以前学过的两三个项目放在一起去操练。
A:Do you know who Edgar Snow was?(一般问句;名词从句)
B:Yes,he was an American writer who interviewed Chairman Mao in Beijing.(定语从句)
A:Oh,now I remember.He was the author who wrote“Red Star Over China”,wasn't he?(定语从句;反意疑问句)
B:Exactly.
这种回答不但练了定语从句,而且复习了一般问句和反意问句,也给名词从句的学习打了“埋伏”。进行句型操练,既需要“滚雪球”(复习已学的项目),也需要“打埋伏”(预先练一下将来要学习的项目)。
在句型学习阶段必须注意:在听、说领先的前提下,写、读要跟上,力求听、说、写、读四会均衡发展。因此,时间上要作出合理的安排。早上通常可安排为朗读时间。如果能每日坚持下去,收效一定很大。
二、结合课文去学
吕叔湘先生说过:“与其多读语法书,不如多读文章。”又说:“词语要嵌在上下文里才有生命,才容易记住,才知道用法。”(引自《中国人学英语》)课文是学习英语的“重要基地”。课文里有语音、词汇项目,也有各类语法项目。它们有机地结合在课文里。课文中出现的语法项目,是有血有肉的,不是干巴巴的。通过课文去学语法,可以学得活,记得牢,这比孤零零地背诵语法条目要有效得多。因此,在句型学习结束后,宜结合课文去学语法,要围绕课文中出现的主要语法项目,循序渐进地学习比较系统的语法知识。
哪些项目是课文里的主要语法项目?通常教科书的编者都明确指出了每一课的主要语法项目。要弄清这些项目的基本概念,掌握它们的公式与用途,尤其要认真地做好有关练习。
三、对比英语和本族语的语法
英语和汉语属于不同的语系,二者的语法区别很大。英语学习中出现的许多错误,往往是由于汉语语法习惯在自学者的头脑中已经根深蒂固,对英语语法的学习产生了种种干扰。要排除这种干扰,最好的方法是经常对比英语与汉语语法的异同。现举数例:
人家问你:“Haven't you read this book?”(你没有读过这本书吗?)如果回答是否定的,依照汉语的习惯,回答通常是:“是的,我没有读过。”但说英语时,你就得说:“ No,I haven't.”
汉语说“一万”,英语却说“十个千(ten thousand)”;汉语说“两亿”,英语则说:“二百个百万(two hundred million)”。两种语言关于数目的表达是大不相同的。
英语说:“She is too tired to run on.”译成汉语却说:“她太累了,不能再跑了。”这中间要加上“不能”这个否定词。
我们只有掌握了这些区别,才有可能把语法学到手。可见在语法学习中,自觉地运用语法是很重要的。
四、进行大量的语言实践
英语语法学得好不好,主要不是看你读了多少语法书,记了多少条语法规则,而是要看你在实践中能否正确掌握所学的这些语法规则——能听懂,说得好,写得好,理解得好,译得准确。要达到这个地步,除了在必要的语法理论指导下进行大量的语言实践以外,是没有什么速成的办法的。
我们常听到学习的人抱怨说:“这个项目一讲就懂,一用就错。”这句话说明一般的语法理论知识并不难懂,但就是难用。要掌握好一个语法项目,就得靠多听、多说、多写、多读、多译,也就是做反复的、大量的、多样化的练习。
篇8:初中英语四种时态总结
初中英语四种时态归纳
一、一般现在时:
概念: 经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays
基本结构 :① be 动词;②实义动词
否定形式:① am/is/are+not; ②谓语动词若为实义动词,A.主语不是三单式,则don't+动词原形 B.主语为三单式,则 doesn't+动词原形。
一般疑问句:①把 be 动词放于句首;②谓语动词若为实义动词,A.主语不是三单式,用助动词 Do+主语+动词原形
B.主语为三单式,则Does+主语+动词原形
Helen ________ a good student.(be)
Helen ________ fishing very much.(like)
Helen’s friends usually ________ to school by bike.(go)
二、一般过去时:
概念: 过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语: …ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, at last, in the end, finally, at first
基本结构: ① was/were;②实义动词的过去式 (dodid, comecame, stopstopped)
否定形式:① was/were+not; ②在实义动词前加 didn't ,同时还原实义动词,即didn’t+动词原形
一般疑问句:① was 或 were 放于句首;②用助动词 do 的过去式did 提问,同时还原实义动词。
Helen ________ born in Wuxi.(be)
Helen ________ to school by bike yesterday.(go)
三、现在进行时 :
概念: 表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语: now, at this time, these days, look, listen
基本结构: am/is/are+doing 否定形式: am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句:把 be 动词放于句首。
Listen, Helen ________ a song in the room.(sing)
四、过去进行时:
概念: 表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语: at this time yesterday, at that time, from 6 to 8 last night, at 5 yesterday evening或以 when/while 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构: was/were+doing 否定形式: was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句:把 was 或 were 放于句首。
Helen ________ TV at six last night.(watch)
I ________ TV when Mum came home last night.(watch)
初中常见时态的相互转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:
1、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用別的表达方式:
①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;
②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;
③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;
④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看:
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
2、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
3/在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
4、be going to+动词原形“与”will(shall)+动词原形“
”be going to+动词原形“、表示打算、计划要做的事;将来时”will(shall)+动词原形“结构在书面语中,当主语为第一人称时,常用助动词shall。在口语中,所有人称都可以用will。请看:
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
初中英语学习方法
1.单词的记忆。
其实英语的学习历来都把单词的学习作为重点,初中也不例外。我们一定要记住,单词记忆切忌孤立地,单纯地背诵单词。我们中学最习惯的背诵方法就是背拼写,比如what这个单词我们一般都是这么背what what,这样只是记住了几个孤立的字母而并没有记住单词,过不了几天就会把这个单词忘掉。那么我们就要把单词放在一个整体或者环境中背诵,比如我们不如记住下面一句话:What is your name?(你的名字叫什么)那么就不容易忘掉了。也就是说每记一个单词都要相应地记住用这个单词在内的一个例句,因为单词的意思只能在句子中体现,有意思我们才不容易忘掉,而孤立的无意思的不容易记住。另外记忆单词要利用一切可能的办法去记住,比如分类记忆:我们把动物的有关词汇放在一起,把有关校园的有关词汇放在一起,或者天文,地理,等等。当然我们也可以利用谐音的方法自己编写些小段子记住单词。
2.语法的学习。
初中是开始学习系统语法知识的重要阶段。这阶段语法学习好了,以后语法就会感到很轻松。首先应该明确是初中的时候我们学习的更多的是词法而不是句法,因为毕竟从简单开始吧,就算是中考题也基本上没有多少句法的题,所以初中一定要把重心放在词法上,就是名词,介词,冠词,代词,形容词等上面,而这些东西是最零碎的也是最头疼的,我们就更要有细心和耐心。建议每学习一个语法点,在学校教室里抄过一遍笔记后,回家静下心来,再重新整理一遍笔记,去粗取精,这其实是回顾温习的过程,并且要做好分类,不同重要程度的或者难易程度的要用不同的颜色区别对待,并时常翻阅。此外课堂上的语法知识往往和教材同步而并不系统,我们还可以再有一本语法书籍,甚至可以买高中语法,这样有知识的拓展。
3.文章的学习。
现在的教材文章普遍较难。所以阅读文章难度是相当大的。学生在学习文章前一定要预习老师即将要讲的内容,事先把自己认为比较难的单词语法和句子划出来,这样就可以有的放矢。课本上的文章一定要精读,不能说看懂了就可以,而是要把每一个重要的单词和句子都要吃透。同时对文章中的经典词汇和段落要记笔记,甚至要会背诵,为后面的写作打基础。加强英语学习,阅读是重点,课堂上的文章太过教条和局限,可能缺乏生动性和乐趣性。因此课后也要多读些课外文章。建议读些国内出版的浅显的英语文章,比如象“英语沙龙初级版”英汉对照着看,一定会有兴趣和提高。
4.写作的学习。
写作学习请大家牢牢记住下面两句话。“读书破万卷,下笔如有神”,“熟读唐诗三百首,不会做诗也会吟”,强大的阅读功底是写出好文章的保证,只有输入得多了才能输出得多,因此一定要多读课外文章还有精读文章。在具体联系方面,我们并不需要写太多字数的文章。因为初中生的作文并不需要写太复杂的句子。仅仅是简单句子的结合,所以说中学生的作文不叫真正意义上的作文,而是叫写话。所以鉴于上述,我觉得英汉互译写句子是最好的写作文的方法,把每句话成功的写出来,再结合起来就是一篇好的作文了。
篇9:初中英语动词短语总结
初中英语动词短语总结
初中英语动词短语总结
1. break
break down出毛病,拆开
break off暂停,中断
break out爆发
2. call
call up打电话
call out大喊,高叫
3. come
come down下跌,落,降,传下来
come in进来
come out出版,结果是
come on来临/ 快点
come along一道来,赶快
come over走过来
come up发芽,走近
come back回来
come from来自,源自
4. cut
cut down砍倒,削减
cut up连根拔除,切碎
5. die
die of死于(疾病,饥饿,寒冷,情感原因)
die from死于(外界原因)
die out绝种
6. fall
fall behind落后
fall down掉下,跌倒
fall into 落入;陷入
fall off 从。。。掉下
fall out与。。。争吵
7. go
go along沿着。。。。走
go through通过,经受
go over复习,检查
go up(价格)上涨,建造起来
go against违反
go away离开
go by时间过去
go down降低,(日、月)西沉
go on(with)继续进行
go out外出,熄灭
go off发出响声
8. get
get down下来,记下,使沮丧
get on进展,进步,穿上,上车
get off脱下,下车
get away逃跑,逃脱,去休假
get over克服,从疾病中恢复
get along with进展,相处
get up起床
get into (trouble) 陷入困境中
get back取回,收回
get out 出去
get to 到达。。。
9. give
give away赠送,泄露,出卖
give out发出,疲劳,分发,
give in (to sb.) 屈服
give up放弃,让(座位)
10. hand
hand in交上,提交
hand out分发
11.hold
hold on to继续,坚持
hold up举起,使停顿
hold on别挂电话,等,坚持
12. keep
keep up with跟上
keep out 不使。。。进入
keep from克制,阻止
keep away from避开,不接近,
keep on继续,坚持下来
keep down 使。。。处于低水平
13.knock
knock at/on敲
knock into撞到某人身上
14. look
look up查找,向上看
look through翻阅,浏览
look after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找
look out(for)当心
look about / around/round四下查看
look forward to盼望
15. make
make up编造,打扮,组成
make into / of / from 制成
16.pass
pass by经过
pass down(on)to传给
17. pay
pay back还钱,报复
pay for付钱,因得到报应
18. pick
pick up拾起,接人,站起,收听,
pick out挑选,辨认,看出
19. put
put up张贴,举起,
put out伸出,扑灭
put off推迟
put into放进,翻译
put away放好,存钱
put down记下,平息
put on穿戴,上映,
put aside放到一边
put back放回
21. run
run after追逐,追捕
run away逃跑
run off跑掉,迅速离开
run out of用完
22. set
set up建立
set off 激起,引起
23. take
take after 与相像
take off脱掉,起飞
take away拿走
take up从事,占用(时间空间)
take down记录,取下
take back收回
take pride in以 为自豪,
take the place of 代替
24. think
think of想起,考虑,对看法
think out(自然)想出办法
think up想出(设计出、发明、编造)
think about考虑
think over仔细考虑
25. turn
turn off / on打开
turn to翻到,转向,求助
turn down调低,拒绝
turn back返回,转回去
turn round转过身来
turn up向上翻,出现,音量调大
26. care
care about 担心,关心;在乎,介意
care for 关心,关怀,照顾
27. clean
clean up 把打扫干净,把收拾整齐
clean out 清除;把打扫干净
28.learn
learn about 获悉,得知,认识到
learn from 从/向。。。学习
29. fight
fight for..争取获得
fight against 争取克服、战胜
fight with与。。。搏斗/战斗
30. dream
dream of梦想,想橡
dream about 梦到。。。
31. work
work for 为。。工作
work out 产生结果;发展;成功
32. argue
argue with 与。。。争论
argue about..争论。。。
33. complain
complain to 向。。抱怨
complain about抱怨。。。
34. hear
hear of 听说,得知
hear about听到。。。的事,听到。。的话
hear from接到。。。的信
35. talk
talk about 讨论。。。
talk with/to..和。。。讨论
36. live
live in 住在。。。
live on 以。。。为主食
37. stand
stand out 突显,引人注目
stand up 起立,站起来
38.其它常用词组
wake up 醒,唤醒,弄醒
stay up 不睡觉;熬夜
depend on依靠;取决于
worry about为。。。担忧
laugh at嘲笑。。。
begin with以。。。开始
mix up混合、搀和
major in 主修
grow up成长
open up 打开,张开;开发
end up到达或来到某处;
达到某状态
throw away 丢弃。。。
ask for要求。。。
wait for等待。。。
agree with同意。。。
find out(经研究或询问)获知某事
send out 发出,放出,射出
search for 搜索,搜查
chop down 砍到
have.. on 穿着。。。
step out of 跨步走出
drop out of 从。。。掉出
happen to 发生在。。。
belong to属于
arrive in /at到达。。。
try on试穿。。。
vote on对。。。进行投票
strech out伸展。。。
hang out闲逛
leave for离开前往
篇10:解密动词时态
动词时态常常是高考的必考点,你能运用自如吗?笔者总结了以下七个方面,帮助你正确运用动词时态。
1. 时态的替代现象
(1) 在时间、条件和让步状语从句中常用一般现在时或现在完成时替代一般将来时;用一般过去时或过去完成时替代过去将来时。
The harder you study, the better results you will get.
I won’t go swimming if it rains.
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
He said he would call on me if he had time.
(2) 表示去向的动词或起止性动词(come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, take off, get off, travel, return, begin, stop, open, close, end, stay等)可用一般现在时表示按时刻表将要发生的动作;现在进行时表示预定的近期所发生的动作;过去进行时表示过去计划、安排好的将来动作。
The train leaves at 4:30 p.m.
I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
I was told the plane was taking off soon.
(3) here, there, now, then等开头的倒装句要用一般现在时替代现在时替代现在进行时。
Look! Here comes the teacher.(=The teacher is coming.)
Listen! There goes the bell. (=The bell is ringing.)
(4) before, after, asoon as 本身“先、后”时间明确,可用一般过去时替代过去完成时。
He (had) left before I arrived.
After I (had) finished my homework, I went to bed.
(5) 若干连续动作,如果其顺序非常清楚,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but等词连接时,无需用过去完成时。
He stood up, went out of the classroom and soon disappeared in the street.
My aunt gave me a watch and I lost it.
(6)think, want, suppose, guess, expect, hope, wish, intend, mean, plan等表示愿望、打算的动词,可用一般过去时替代一般现在时,过去完成时替代一般过去时,表示现在或过去未能实现的打算、愿望、意图等。
I wanted to stay with you, but I have an important meeting to attend.
He had hoped to arrive time, but his car broke down.
(7) make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter, so long as 等后接宾语从句时,从句用一般现在时替代一般将来时。
So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
2. 时态呼应原则
含宾语从句的主从复合句,若主句谓语是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可用任何所需要的时态;若主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语要用过去的某种时态(但客观真理、科学事实、格言警句等仍用一般现在时)。
The teacher said he was satisfied with us.
I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响,一般过去时表示过去动作的事实。
I saw the film last week.(看电影是上个星期的事,与现在无关)
I have seen the film before.(强调了解电影内容,现在无需再看)
(2)现在完成时表示过去开始的动作延续到现在,一般过去时表示过去延续了一般时间的动作已停止。
He was a soldier for 3 years.他曾当过三年兵。(现在退伍了)
He has been a soldier for 3 years.他已当兵三年了。(现在还在服役)
(3) 没有包括“现在”在内或不是截止到“现在”的时间状语不能与现在完成时连用。
China was poor in the past.(in the past不包括“现在”)
Great changes have taken place in China in the past 20 years.(是算至“现在”为止)
4. 过去完成时不能孤立使用, 它必须以过去某一时间为基点,即“过去的过去”,因此只有在和过去某时或动作相比较时才用到它
He had read it.(此句错误, 因为无时间比较,得不出read是发生在“过去的过去”)
He said he had read it.(此句正确,read发生在said之前,即“过去的过去”)
5. 短暂性动词的肯定式不能与时间段连用
I have received it for a wek.(此句错误,因为receive是短暂性动词)
I have had it for a week.(此句正确,因为have是延续性动词)
I haven’t received it for a week. (此句正确,因为是延续的)
6. will/shall do, be going to do, be to do, be about to do与 be doing /do的区别
(1) shall/will do表示事先未经考虑,而是临时起意的打算、计划,没有主观性,是纯粹的将来动作。这种用法常见于会话中乙听了甲的话之后作出的反应。
I shall/will not be free tomorrow.
He will arrive here this evening.
---Where is the telephone book?
---I’ll go and get it for you .
---You’ve left the light on.
---Oh, so I have. I’ll go and turn it off.
(2) be going to do表示现在打算最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;也可以表示某种可能性,即有迹象表明要发生某事。
He is going to spend his holidays in London.
It is going to rain soon.
(3) be to do 表示按预定计划、安排即将发生的动作,这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远;还可表示吩咐、要求、命令或禁止他人做某事,或某事注定要发生。
The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days.
You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam room.
You are to stay home until your mother comes back.
(4)be about to do表示即刻就要着手进行的动作,后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
The ship is about to leave.
(5)be doing/do强调在近期按规定、计划或安排要发生的事。
Do you get off at the next stop?
The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m.
Are you staying here till next week?]
7.七种特定时态
(1) 常见的不确定的时间状语,如:lately,recently, just, already, yet, up to now, till now, so far, these days, ever since, since then, for(during, over, in) the past (last, recent)…常与现在完成时连用
He has been in the lab over the past two weeks.
(2) 表示“第几次做某事”或在“It is the best (worst, only , most interesting)+名词+that”结构中,that从句用现在完成时。若is改用was,则用过去完成时。
This (It) is my first time that I have visited China.
This (It) is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
That(It) is the only book that he has written.
That(It) was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
(3) by , by the time 表示“在。。。之前,不迟于。。。”常与完成时连用。
By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.
By the Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.
(4) since表示“自从。。。以来”,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。
I have lived here since I came here.
(5) 用于hardly/scarely…when; no sooner …than句型中,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.
(6) “祈使句+and/then/or+陈述句”结构中,陈述句谓语用一般将来时。
Use your head and you will find a way.
(7) when(这时突然)用作并列连词,前句常用过去进行时或be about to do,后常用一般过去时。
I was walking along the river when I heard someone crying for help.
He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.
篇11:be动词ing是什么时态
“Be+现在分词”以组成进行式时态(Continuous Tenses),如:
Tony's maid is washing his new car.
The children are playing in the field.
Samuel was eating when I came in.
We have been living here since 1959.
形式:
有不同的be动词,基本上为:
am,is,are,was,were,been,being,be。
被动语态:
被动语态的基本结构为be+done(Be动词+动词过去分词)
一般现在时:am/is/are+done
一般过去时:was/were+done
一般将来时:will+be+done
现在进行时:am/is/are+being+done
过去进行时:was/were+being+done
现在完成时:have/has+been+done
过去完成时:had+been+done
一般构句:
代词/专有名词+be+普通名词(如我们是亲兄弟)
代词+be+专有名词(如我是爱丽丝)
代词/专有名词+be+物主代词+普通名词(如我是你的亲姐妹)
当“be”要在祈使句中出现时,陈述句可借助助动词“do”,否定句必须在前加上助动词“don't”,如:
Don't be silly!
Do be obedient!
Be careful!
Don'tbe a fool!
篇12:动词时态讲义
时 态
Tenses
时 态 的 构 成
(以动词write为例)
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现
在 write
(单三writes) am
is writing
are has
written
have has
been writing
have
过
去
wrote was
writing
were
had written
had been writing
将
来 shall
write
will shall
be writing
will shall
have written
will shall
have been writing
will
过
去
将
来 should
write
would should
be wrting
would should
have written
would should
have been writing
would
一、一般现在时 (The Present Indefinite)
一般现在时表示客观事实,普遍真理,习惯性的动作,现在的特性等。它主要由动词原形表示,但第三人称单数作主语时,谓语动词应加词尾s (be用 is, have 用 has):
一般现在时有以下基本用法:
1. 表示经常、反复和习惯性的动作或状态,例如:
He always sleeps with his windows open.
他总是开着窗户睡觉。
Barking dogs seldom bite.
吠犬不咬人。
He smokes twenty cigarettes a day.
他每天抽20支烟。
2. 表示主语的现在职业、性格、特征、能力等,例如:
She is our English teacher.
她是我们的英语老师。
She has great concern for her patients.
她对病人很关心。
English is a language spoken all around the world.
英语是一种世界范围的语言。
3. 表示客观事实或普遍真理,例如:
The earth moves round the sun.
地球绕着太阳运转。
Summer comes after spring.
春去夏来。
4. 表示按日历、时刻表、规定或安排将要发生的情况,例如:
Tomorrow is Thursday.
明天是星期四。
The plane takes off at 9 a.m.
飞机上午九点起飞。
School begins the day after tomorrow.
后天开学。
5. 在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来的动作或状态,例如:
When you see Jack tomorrow, remember me to him.
明天你看到杰克时,代我向他问好。
If the rain stops, we'll be able to go out for a walk.
如果雨停了,我们就能出去散步了。
二、一般过去时 (The Past Indefinite)
一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能只限 一次,也可能是经常性的。动词 be 的第一人称单数和第三人称单数的过去时形式为 was, 其余人称和数为 were;have 的过去时形式为 had。行为动词过去式的构成:
一般情况下在词末加 ed, 如:
cover -- covered work -- worked
以 e 结尾的动词,只加 d, 如:
live -- lived love -- loved
以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词将 y 改为 i 再加 ed,如:
study -- studied hurry -- hurried
以重读闭音节结尾,而末尾只有一辅音字母( x 除外)的动词,双写末尾字母再加 ed,如 :
stop -- stopped beg -- begged
不规则动词见各类相关工具书。
一般过去时的用法如下:
1. 表示过去的动作或状态,常与表示过去的时间状语(从句)连用,例如:
The first radio broadcast was heard on December 24, 1906.
1912月24日,人们第一次听到无线电广播。
She suddenly fell ill when she came here.
到这以后,她突然病倒了。
2. 表示过去连续发生的一系列事情,例如:
She entered the room, picked up a map and looked at it carefully.
她走进房间,拿起一张地图,仔细地看着。
3. 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的事情,例如:
Whenever I went to his office, I would find him reading and writing.
每当我去他办公室时,总见他在读书写字。
When I was in a primary school, my teacher often praised me.
我上小学时,老师常常表扬我。
4. 在条件、时间状语从句中表示过去将来的动作,例如:
They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.
他们说如果听到什么关于他的消息,就通知我们。
三、一般将来时 (The Future Indefinite)
一般将来时的用法如下:
1. 表示将要发生的动作或情况,例如:
There will be a report on spaceships at 7 on Friday evening.
星期五晚上七点,将有一场关于宇宙飞船的报告。
2. “be going + 不定式”表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生的事,例如:
Mr. Brown says he is going to buy a new car next year.
布朗先生说,他准备明年买一辆新汽车。
I think it's going to rain.
我看快下雨了。
3. “be + 不定式”表示按计划安排要发生的事或用来征求对方意见,例如:
I am to leave at eight o'clock this evening.
我应在今晚八点离开。
Am I to go on with the work?
这工作我是不是要接着干下去?
4. “be about + 不定式”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,通常不与将来时间状语连用,例如:
He is about to retire.
他就要退休了。
The class is about to end.
课就要结束了。
四、现在进行时 (The Present Continuous)
现在进行时由助动词 be 的现在时形式 am, is, are 加动词的现在分词构成。现在分词的构成方法为:
一般情况在动词的词末加 ing,如:
watch -- watching tell -- telling
以不发音的 e 结尾的动词,去 e 再加 ing,如:
live -- living move -- moving
以重读闭音节结尾,而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写这一辅音字母再加 ing,如 :
plan -- planning get -- getting permit -- permitting
少数动词为不规则变化,如:
lie -- lying die -- dying
现在进行时有以下一些用法:
1. 表示说话时正在发生的动作,例如:
I'm doing the swimming, and I'll decide when to get out.
我正在游泳,我会决定什么时候出水。
Look, the hands of the clock are pointing to half past eight.
看,时钟正指在八点半。
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然说话时并不在进行,例如:
They are compiling a Chinese English dictionary.
他们在编一本汉英辞典。
But now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming.
但现在有人对白日做梦持一种新的见解。
3. 常与always, continually, constantly等副词连用,不强调动作的进行而是带有强烈的感情色彩,例如:
She is always complaining about her work.
她总是不断地抱怨她的工作。(表示厌烦)
The prisoners are continually trying to escape.
这些囚犯们总是不断地设法逃跑。(表示焦虑)
He is always thinking of what he could do for others.
他总是在考虑他能为别人做些什么。(表示赞扬)
4. 表示计划中将要发生的动作,常与表将来的时间状语连用,例如:
He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow morning.
明天上午他要到上海去。
-Xiao Hong! -(I’m) coming.
-小红! -来了。
五、过去进行时 (The Past Continuous)
过去进行时是由“was/were+现在分词”构成。它有以下用法:
1. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,例如:
I was practicing the violin at eight o'clock yesterday evening.
昨晚八点钟我正在练习小提琴。
When he arrived home, his sister was doing her homework.
他到家时,他妹妹正在做作业。
2. 表示过去某段时间内正在进行的动作,例如:
In those years we were having a hard time.
在那些岁月里我们处境很困难。
She was watching TV all evening.
她整个晚上都在看电视。
3. 某些动词如 come, go, leave, start, stay 等的过去进行时表示过去的将来要发生的动作,例如:
He went to see Miss Green. She was leaving early the next morning.
他去看格林小组,她第二天一早就走。
六、将来进行时 (The Future Continuous)
将来进行时由动词 be 的一般将来时加现在分词构成。它的用法为:
1. 表示将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作,例如:
This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Spain.
明天的这个时候,我将在飞往西班牙的途中。
I won't be free Friday morning. I'll be seeing a friend off.
星期五早上我没空,我要给一位朋友送行。
2. 表示已经决定了的一种将来的计划或势必要发生的动作,例如:
The Robinsons will be staying with us again this year.
鲁宾逊一家人今年将再次和我们住在一起。
If we don't do so, we shall be repeating the errors of the past.
我们如果不这样做就会重犯过去的错误。
七、现在完成时 (The Present Perfect)
现在完成时由“have (第三人称单数has)+过去分词”构成。它主要有以下用法。
1. 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果,例如:
I have lost my pen; I am unable to do my exercises.
我的钢笔丢了;我没法作作业了。
The city has taken on a new look.
这座城市有了新面貌。
2. 表示从过去某时到现在这段时间中发生的事情,例如:
He has learned a good deal since he came here.
他到这儿以来学到了不少东西。
We have planted many trees this year.
今年我们栽了很多树。
It has been 10 years since I last saw you.
我已经十年没有见到你了。
3. 用在时间或条件的状语从句中,表示将来某时已经发生的动作,例如:
We’ll start at 5 p.m. if it has stopped raining by then.
我们五点钟动身,如果那时雨停了话。
I will give my opion when I have read the book through.
我把书看完了再提意见。
八、过去完成时 (The Past Perfect)
过去完成时由“had +过去分词”构成。它主要用于以下情况:
1. 表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作,例如:
I didn't go to the cinema because I had already seen the film.
我没去看电影,因为这部影片我已经看过了。
He suddenly remembered that he hadn't locked the door.
他忽然想起来他没锁门。
By the end of 1962, we had met the demand for petroleum.
到1962年底,我们对石油的需求已得到满足了。
2. 表示一直延续到过去某一时间的动作,例如:
He had been ill for two weeks when we learned about it.
当我们知道时,他已病了两个星期了。
By the end of June they had treated 30,000 patients.
到六月底为止,他们已经治疗了三万个病人。
3. 在含有 when, as soon as, before, after, until, now that 等连词的复合句中,如果主句谓语和从句谓语表示的过去动作不同同时发生,那么先发生的动作通常需用过去完成时表示,例如:
He decided to go back to work now that he had got well.
既然身体好了,他决定回去上班。
It was not until I had read you letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
直到读了你的信之后,我才明白事态的真相。
He had pressed the button before we could stop him.
我们还没来得及阻止他,他已经按了电钮。
但如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常用一般过去时,尤其是在包含有before和after的复合句中。
After we said goodbye to the villagers,we left the village.
在和村民门告别后我们就离开了村子。
As soon as he arrived,he gave me a phone call.
他一到就给我打了一个电话。
九、将来完成时 (The Future Perfect)
将来完成时由“shall/will have+过去分词”构成,主要表示将来某时业已发生的事情,例如:
The taxi will have arrived by the time you finish dressing.
到你穿好衣服的时候,出租车就会到了。
In another year or so, you will have forgotten all about me.
再过一年左右,你就会把我忘得一干二净。
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
午饭前我就能完成这一个。
十、现在完成进行时 (The Present Perfect Continuous)
现在完成进行时是由“have/has been+现在分词”构成。它表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在动作或状态;它有时也可用来表示现在以前这段时间内反复发生的事情。例如:
He has been learning English for six months.
六个月来他一直在学英语。
The boys have been watching TV since seven o'clock.
自七点开始,男孩子们就一直在看电视。
We've been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.
最近我们常常见面。
十一、过去完成进行时 (The Past Perfect Continuous)
过去完成进行时由“had been+现在分词”构成。它表示一个动作延续到过去的某一时间,例如:
He had been walking since ten o'clock and he was beginning to feel extremely tired.
从十点钟起他就一直不停地走着,这时他开始觉得疲惫不堪。
When I got home, I found that Tom had been writing his letters.
我回到家,发现汤姆之前一直在写信。
十二、将来完成进行时 (The Future Perfect Continuous)
将来完成进行时由“will/shall have been+现在分词”构成。它表示某一动作一直持续到将来的某一时刻,例如:
By next summer she will have been working in the laboratory for three years.
到明年夏天,她在实验室工作将有三年了。
On April 2nd, 2005, we shall have been living in the house exactly thirty years.
到4月2日,我们就在这幢房子里住了整整三十年了。
十三、过去将来时 (The Past Future Indefinite)
过去将来时由“would/should+动词原形”构成。它主要用于下列情况:
1. 表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事情,例如:
They were sure they would win final victory.
他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。
2. 表示过去习惯性的动作,例如:
Every evening he would go and talk with the workers.
每天晚上他都和工人交谈。
十四、过去将来进行时 (The Past Future Continuous)
过去将来进行时是由“would/should be+现在分词”构成。它表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作,例如:
He asked me what I would be doing the next morning.
他问我第二天早上干什么。
I told him not to come at three o'clock because I should be having a meeting at that time.
我告诉他不要三点钟来,因为那时候我在开会。
十五、过去将来完成时 (The Past Future Perfect)
过去将来完成时由“would/should have+过去分词”构成。它表示从过去某时看将来某个时间前已经发生的动作,例如:
She hoped that we would have got the plan ready before she came back.
她希望她回来前我们已经把计划做好。
I thought they would have told you about it.
我以为他们会已经告诉你这件事了。
十六、过去将来完成进行时 (The Past Future Perfect Continuous)
过去将来完成进行时由“would/should have been+现在分词”构成。它表示从过去某时看将来某时以前一直在进行的动作,例如:
They told me that by the end of the year they would have been working together for thirty years.
他们告诉我,到年底时他们在一起工作就要满三十年了。
I found that next June I should have been going to this school for two years.
我发现,到次年六月,我就已经在这个学校学习两年了。
篇13:初中英语常考时态总结
一般现在时
1. 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2. 基本结构:①is/am/are;②do/does
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
3. 一般疑问句:①把is/am/are动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
4. 用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east ofChina. 上海位于中国东部。
3) 表示格言或警句。
例如:Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例如:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
例如:I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
5) 一般现在时表示将来含义
a. 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。
b. 在时间或条件句中。
例如:When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。
一般过去时
1. 概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2. 基本结构:①was/were;②行为动词过去式
否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
3. 用法
1) 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
例如:Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
2) 表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
例如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。
注意:used to + do:”过去常常“表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。
例如:Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
现在进行时
1. 概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2. 时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
3. 基本结构:am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
4. 用法:
1) 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
例如: We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
2)习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。
例如:Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
3) 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
例如:The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
4) 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
5) 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等瞬时动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。
例如:I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
过去进行时
1. 概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。
2. 时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3. 基本结构:was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
4. 用法
1) 过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
2) 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。
时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。
What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?
昨天晚上九点她在做什么? (介词短语表示时间点)
She was doing her homework then.
那个时候她正在写作业。(副词表示时间点)
When I saw him he was decorating his room.
当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when从句表示时间点)
3) 在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。
When he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
他边等车边看报。 (两个动作都是延续的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.
他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)
一般将来时
1. 概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2. 时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by the day after tomorrow, etc.
3. 基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will + do.
否定形式:①am/is/are+not+going to + do②will not(won't)+ do.
一般疑问句:①am/is/are放于句首;②will提到句首。
4. will主要用于在以下三个方面:
1) 表示主观意愿的将来。
They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.
明天他们将去厂参观工厂。
I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling.
我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。
2) 表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。
Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.
今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。
He will be thirty years old this time next year.
明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。
3) 表示临时决定,通常用于对话中。
—Mary has been ill for a week.
玛丽病了一周了。
—Oh, I didn't know. I will go and see her.
噢,我不知道。我去看看她。
5. be going to主要用于一下两个方面:
1) 表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。
Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.
今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。
2) 表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生,表示推测。
Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。
中考英语时态易错知识点汇总
一. 易混动词
1. 几个“花费”:spend,take,pay,cost
(1) spend多用人作主语,后接金钱或时间。spend...on sth/ (in)doing sth。如:
I spent 15 yuan on this new book.
买这本新书我花了15元。
(2) take常用于 “It takes sb some time to do sth”句型中,如:
It often takes me half an hour to go to school by bike every day.
我每天骑车去学校要花半小时。
(3) pay常与for连用,表“付给……款”。如:
I paid 15 yuan for this new book.
(4) cost常用物作主语,表“价值或花费多少钱”。如:
This new book costs me 15 yuan.
2. 几个“看”:look,see,watch,read,find
look看,表动作,look at。
see看见,表结果;也可说看电影“see a film”。
watch观看比赛、演出、电视等。
read读书看报等文字材料。
3. 几个与“看”有关的词或词组:look for, find, find out, look after, take care of, look over, look forward to
look for寻找,表过程。
find发现,找到,表结果。
find out找出,查明。
look after, take care of 均表示“照看,照顾”。
look over检查、翻阅等。
look forward to盼望……,期待……。
4. 几个“说”:say, speak, talk, tell
(1) say用作及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词时,侧重说的内容;say用作不及物动词时,不涉及所说的内容。如:
Please say it in English.这个请用英语说。
It's hard to say.很难说。
Easier said than done.说起来容易,做起来难。
say之后通常跟直接引语、间接引语或宾语从句。如:
The teacher said,“Please look at me.” 老师说:“请看着我”。
Our teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.老师说地球围绕太阳运行。
含有say的固定搭配和常见的句型有:
say to oneself自言自语;
say“Hi/Hello”to sb.向某人问好;
have nothing to say to对……无话可说;
say a good word for sb.为某人说好话;
They say... / It's said... (据说……);
That is to say那就是说。
(2) speak常指能说某种语言,打电话时常用它表示说话,也有“演讲”的意思,不强调说话的内容。如:
We can speak Chinese and English.
我们可以说汉语和英语。
May I speak to Henry?我可以和亨利讲话吗?
He will speak at the meeting tonight.
他将在今晚的会议上发言。
(3) talk用作不及物动词,作“说话”讲时与speak可以互换使用。作“交谈”讲时,通常与介词to / with连用。如:
The baby can't talk yet.
那个婴儿还不会讲话。
They often talk in English.
他们经常用英语交谈。
I'd like to talk to her.
我想和她谈一谈。
talk用作名词时,可以与动词have一起构成短语“have a talk with”,意思是“和……谈一谈”。如:
May I have a talk with you?
我可以和你谈一谈吗?
含talk的短语、固定搭配和句型常见有:
talk to/with sb.和某人谈话;
talk about谈论;
have a talk with sb.和某人谈话/谈一谈;
talk of谈到/讲到;
talk out说完
(4) tell用作及物动词,意思是“讲、说”,指说实话,说出事实的真相,讲故事等。如:
My mother often tells me stories.
妈妈经常给我讲故事。
Please tell me the truth.
请告诉我事实的真相。
The boy never tells lies.
那个孩子从不说谎。
Nobody can tell how the Pyramids were built.
没有人能说出金字塔是怎样建成的。
tell表示命令时,作“叫、告诉”讲,常见的句型是“tell sb to do sth.”,意思是“叫/告诉某人做某事”。如:
Tell him to come to my office.
叫/告诉他到我的办公室来。
Tell them not to look out of the window.
叫他们不要向窗外望。
含有tell的短语、固定搭配和常用句型有:
tell sb. a story给某人讲故事;
tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事的情况;
tell sb. to do sth.叫某人做某事;
tell a lie说谎;
tell the truth说实话。
5. 几个“穿,戴”:put on,wear,dress(up)
put on指“穿上、戴上”,强调动作,代词放在中间。
wear指“穿着,戴着”,表示状态。
dress指“给某人穿衣服”,其宾语是人。
dress up 指“穿上盛装,打扮”。
6. 几个“到达”:reach,arrive in/at,get to
reach是及物动词,它后面可以直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。
arrive是不及物动词,后面接表示地点的名词作宾语时需在宾语前加介词in或at(在国家和较大的城市或地区前用in,较小的地方或单位前用at)。
get to表示到达,多用于口语中。
注意:当表示到达here,there,home时,arrive或get后不要加介词。
7. 几个“带、拿”:bring,take,get,carry
bring指将某物或某人从离说话人较远处“拿来”或“带来”。
take指将某物或某人从离说话人较近处“带到”或“拿到”。
get指从说话人所在位置到别处把某物拿来。
carry不强调动作来去的方向,只说明动作方式,表示“背着、扛着、提着、载着”等含义。
8. 几个与“听”有关的词或词组:listen to,hear,hear of,hear from
listen to 听……,表示听的动作。
hear听见,听到,表示结果。
hear of 听说……。
hear from收到某人的信息或来信。
9. beat和win
beat表示“赢”或“打败”,后面要接被打败的对手。
win用作及物动词时,后面接的不是被打败的对手,而是比赛本身、游戏、战争、名次等。
10. rise和raise
rise是不及物动词,表示“上升、提高、增长”等。
raise是及物动词,表示“举起、抬起”。
11. borrow,lend和keep
borrow指其逻辑主语从别处或别人那里“借来”东西,常与介词from连用。
lend指其逻辑主语将东西“借出、借给”别人,常与介词to连用。
keep表示“保存”,与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
12. receive和accept
receive的意思是“收到了……”,只表示收到某物,并不表明同意或不同意接受的含义。
accept表示“接受……”,“同意接纳……”,如接受物体、邀请、批评等。如:
He received an invitation from her and accepted it happily.
他收到了她的邀请,并且很愉快地接受了。
13. answer与reply
answer意为“回答、响应、答复、接听电话”等,多作及物动词。
reply意为“回答、答复”,是不及物动词,后需加介词to,at等再加宾语。
14. hope与expect
hope指主观上的愿望,但在客观上不一定有实现的可能性,常接that从句、动词不定式或以介词for引出的短语。
expect着重指客观上有可能实现的“期待、期望”等,其后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或that从句。
15. lie和lay
lie有多个意思:表示“躺;位于”时,其变化是lay,lain,lying;表示“说谎”时,其变化是lied,lied,lying。
lay的含义是“放置、产卵”等。其变化是laid,laid,laying。
二. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
它们所表示的动作都发生在过去,但二者又有区别:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作,说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情,与现在没有关系;现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,它不与表示明确过去时间状语(如yesterday,last week,a moment ago等)连用。如:
—These farmers have been to the United States.
——这些农民去过美国了。
—Really? When did they go there?
——真的吗?他们什么时候去的?
—Have you finished your homework? ——你完成作业了吗?
—Yes,I did it a moment ago. ——是的,我刚刚做的。
三. A) 词组have/has been in/to与have/has gone to的区别
“have/has gone to+地点”表示“某人去了某地(还未回来)”,指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in+地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表示时间段的状语连用。“have/has been to+地点”表示“曾经去过某地(但现在已不在那儿)”。如:
My father isn't at home. He has gone to Beijing.
我爸爸不在家,他去北京了。
I have been in Beijing for 10 years.我待在北京十年了。
I have been to that city,and I don't want to go there again.
我去过那座城市了,我不想再去了。
B) would rather与prefer to
(1) would rather相当于一个情态动词,后面跟不带to的动词不定式构成句型:would rather do sth.,意为“宁可/愿做……。”其否定结构为:would rather not do sth.,意思是“宁可/愿不做……”。如:
They would rather use colors like orange and yellow.
他们宁愿使用像橙色和黄色这样的颜色。
I'd rather not tell you about it.
关于这件事我不愿告诉你。
would rather与than连用时,than前、后连接两个平衡结构,意为“宁愿……而不愿......;与其……不如……。”如:
I'd rather go shopping in Sunshine Town than in Moonlight Town.我宁愿去阳光城购物,也不愿去月光城。
I'd rather put the picture on my home page than show it to everyone.
我宁愿把照片放在家庭网页上,而不愿把它给每个人看。
(2) 动词prefer用作及物动词时,之后通常跟名词/动名词作宾语,再加to加名词/动名词,即“prefer A to B”结构,意为“喜欢A胜过B;宁愿A不愿B”。如:
I prefer modern drama to Beijing Opera.我喜欢话剧胜过京剧。
I prefer walking to jogging.
我宁愿散步而不愿慢跑。
有时“prefer doing sth. to doing sth.”结构可以与“would rather do sth. than do sth.”结构互换使用。如:
I prefer singing to dancing.
我宁愿唱歌不愿跳舞。(=I'd rather sing than dance.)
注意:“prefer A to B”与“prefer A rather than B”有时可以互换使用。如:
I prefer fish to chicken.我宁愿吃鱼不愿吃鸡。该句相当于:I prefer fish rather than chicken.
四. 瞬间性动词与延续性动词的区别
瞬间性动词表示短暂的、不能持续一段时间的动作,如:come, leave, begin, become, buy, receive, die, join, borrow, lend, go等。瞬间性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。持续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作,如:work, stay,live,learn,read,write,wait等,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用 。例如:
她已经离开沈阳一个月了。
误:She has left Shenyang for a month.
正:She has been away from Shenyang for a month.
但是瞬间动词的否定结构可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,说明某动作不发生的状态可以持续一段时间。如:
She often goes on business. But she hasn't left Shenyang for a month.她经常出差办事,但她已经一个月没离开沈阳了。
篇14:初中英语常考时态总结
1. 根据时间状语与时态的对应关系确定时态
动词特定的时态常常与特定的时间状语联系在一起,如由this time yesterday可知用过去进行时;由so far,in the past three years,till now可知要用完成时,等等。
【例1】(2014·浙江宁波·29)—Are you surprised at the ending of the movie?
—No,because I the story.
A. read B. will read
C. have read D. was reading
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:你对影片的结尾感到惊讶吗?不,因为我读过这个故事。根据句意句子应用现在完成时,故选C。
【答案】C
【例2】(2013·贵州安顺·26)Dad the USA in two weeks.
A. is leave for B. leaves for
C. is leaving for D. left for
【解析】考查动词的时态。“in+时间段”是一般将来时的标志,leave等表示地点位置转移的动词的进行时态可以表达将来含义。故选C。
【答案】 C
2. 根据固定句型与动词时态间的对应关系确定时态
在英语中,不少句型与一些动词在时态的运用方面都存在着特定的对应关系。如:
(1)在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中,陈述句中用will表示的一般将来时;
(2)was/were about to do... when...或was/were doing... when...或was/were on the point of doing... when...句型中,when分句的谓语动词用一般过去时;
(3)主将从现原则。即:如果主句是一般将来时,那么时间和条件状语从句用一般现在时。
【例1】(2013·四川雅安·14)If farmers trees and forests,giant pandas nowhere to live.
A. cut down;have B. will cut down;will have
C. will cut don;have D. cut down;will have
【解析】考查主句与从句的时态。if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”的原则,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,所以选D。
【答案】D
【例2】(2013·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·6)What you when the captain came in?
A. are;doing B. did;do C. were;doing
【解析】考查过去进行时态。根据时间状语从句“when the captain came in”可知句意为:队长来的时候你在干什么?时间状语为一般过去时态,所以主句要用过去进行时态,故选C。
【答案】C
3. 动词短语
动词+副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词时,如果是代词做宾语的话,必须把代词放在动词和副词之间。动词短语比较复杂,需要熟记。
【例】(2014·山东滨州·21)Smoking is bad for your health. You'd better .
A. set it up B. give it up
C. pick it up D. look it up
【解析】考查动词短语的用法。该句表示建议,因为抽烟有害,建议放弃,不是建立、捡起或查找。故选B。
【答案】B
4. 根据上下语境来确定时态
在绝大多数情况下,动词的时态是由上下文来决定的,这就要求我们一方面要熟记各种时态的适用范围,另一方面要求我们注意上下文的提示。
【例】(2013·湖北武汉·27)—What does Tom's uncle do?
—He is a teacher. He physics at a school now.
A. will teach B. has taught C. teaches D. taught
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:——汤姆的叔叔是干什么的?——他是一名老师。他现在在一所学校教物理。”根据问句时态以及时间状语now可以判断用一般现在时。故选C。
【答案】C
★ 英语时态总结
★ 日语动词变形总结
★ be动词练习题
初中英语动词时态总结(精选14篇)




